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Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul
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Journal : Inovasi Fisika Indonesia (IFI)

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RELOKASI PARAMETER GEMPABUMI SALATIGA 18 OKTOBER 2023 MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEIGER: Kata Kunci: Relokasi, parameter gempabumi, metode geiger Putri, Safirda Adini Rahmatsyah; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Vol 14 No 1
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n1.p75-84

Abstract

Relokasi parameter gempabumi merupakan salah satu inversi geofisika yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter baru dengan ketepatan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iterasi terhadap perubahan nilai parameter yang dihasilkan pada relokasi gempabumi menggunakan metode geiger, serta untuk mengetahui parameter gempabumi setelah dilakukan relokasi menggunakan metode geiger. Perhitungan relokasi menggunakan parameter awal gempa sebagai variabel kontrol, iterasi sebagai variabel manipulasi, nilai error, parameter gempa baru, grafik perubahan parameter pada setiap iterasi, grafik perubahan error (Δx, Δy, Δz, dan Δt) pada setiap iterasi, serta peta episenter gempabumi sebelum dan sesudah direlokasi sebagai variabel respon. Perhitungan relokasi metode geiger diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan dilakukan regresi berganda dengan enam kali iterasi sehingga mendapatkan error minimum. Peneitian ini menghasilkan parameter baru diantaranya adalah koordinat episenter (110,735 BT dan -7,324 LS) dengan perubahan sejauh 0,005 ºBT dan 0,0156 ºLS dari koordinat episenter awal, kedalaman 18,11 km dengan perubahan sejauh 5,11 km dari kedalaman awal, dan Origin time yaitu pada 11:29:33,7 UTC dengan perubahan sebanyak 2,44 detik dari Origin time awal. Kata Kunci: Relokasi, parameter gempabumi, metode geiger Abstract Earthquake parameter relocation is one of the geophysical inversions conducted to obtain new parameter values with better accuracy. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of iteration on changes in parameter values produced in earthquake relocation using the Geiger method, as well as to determine the earthquake parameters after relocation using the Geiger method. The relocation calculation uses the initial earthquake parameters as control variables, iterations as manipulation variables, error values, new earthquake parameters, graphs of parameter changes at each iteration, graphs of error changes (Δx, Δy, Δz, and Δt) at each iteration, and earthquake epicenter maps before and after relocation as response variables. Geiger method relocation calculations are processed using Microsoft Excel and multiple regression is performed with six iterations to get the minimum error. This research produces new parameters including epicenter coordinates (110.735 East and -7.324 LS) with a change of 0.005 ºBT and 0.0156 ºLS from the initial epicenter coordinates, depth of 18.11 km with a change of 5.11 km from the initial depth, and Origin time at 11:29:33.7 UTC with a change of 2.44 seconds from the initial Origin time. Keywords: Relocation, earthquake parameters, epicenter, hypocenter, origin time, iteration, geiger method  
PEMBANGKITAN DAN PERAMBATAN GELOMBANG ATMOSFER LAMB AKIBAT ERUPSI VULKANIK BAWAH LAUT HUNGA TONGA 2022 Khansa Hanifa, Nabila; Realita, Arie; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p152-162

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis pembangkitan dan perambatan gelombang atmosfer Lamb akibat erupsi vulkanik bawah laut Hunga Tonga pada 15 Januari 2022 dalam konteks potensi kejadian serupa di wilayah Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik propagasi gelombang Lamb, khususnya kecepatan rambat dan efisiensi energi selama perambatan global. Berdasarkan barogram tekanan udara dari jaringan stasiun cuaca ASOS, arrival time dan observed travel time untuk gelombang Lamb terekam jelas pada lintasan awal dan balik. Hasil menunjukkan gelombang Lamb merambat dengan kecepatan rata-rata 1129 km/jam (314 m/s) untuk lintasan awal dan 1114 km/jam (310 m/s) untuk lintasan balik, dengan perbedaan kecepatan hanya sekitar 1,3% yang mencerminkan disipasi energi sangat rendah. Kecepatan ini jauh melebihi tsunami konvensional (~220 m/s) dan sebanding dengan kecepatan meteo-tsunami (~300–310 m/s). Hasil penelitian ini tidak berbeda signifikan dari estimasi kecepatan gelombang Lamb dalam temuan terdahulu yang relevan. Temuan ini menegaskan peran gelombang Lamb dalam resonansi atmosfer-laut serta pentingnya integrasi pemantauan tekanan atmosfer dalam sistem peringatan dini tsunami non-tektonik di Indonesia. Abstract This study analyzes the generation and propagation of atmospheric Lamb waves due to the submarine volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga on 15 January 2022 in the context of potential similar events in the Indonesian region. This study aims to identify the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves, particularly the propagation speed and energy efficiency during global propagation. Based on air pressure barograms from the ASOS weather station network, the arrival time and observed travel time for Lamb waves are clearly recorded on the initial and return trajectories. The results show that Lamb waves propagate with an average speed of 1129 km/h (314 m/s) for the initial trajectory and 1114 km/h (310 m/s) for the return trajectory, with a speed difference of only about 1.3%, reflecting very low energy dissipation. These speeds far exceed those of conventional tsunamis (~220 m/s) and are comparable to meteo-tsunami speeds (~300-310 m/s). The results of this study are not significantly different from the Lamb wave velocity estimates in relevant previous studies. This finding confirms the role of Lamb waves in atmosphere-sea resonance and the importance of integrating atmospheric pressure monitoring in Indonesia's non-tectonic tsunami early warning system.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN INTERPRETASI STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN KAWASAN GUNUNG BROMO-SEMERU DENGAN METODE GRAVITASI Salsabila, Aisyah; Realita, Arie; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p171-177

Abstract

AbstrakGunung Bromo-Semeru merupakan wilayah vulkanik aktif di Jawa Timur yang memiliki sumber daya vulkanik tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginterpretasi struktur bawah permukaan kawasan tersebut berdasarkan data anomali gravitasi. Data sekunder anomali gravitasi diperoleh dari satelit TOPography EXperiment (TOPEX) dan dianalisis melalui beberapa tahapan koreksi, meliputi Free-Air Correction (FAC), koreksi Bouguer dan koreksi terrain. Peta Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) yang dihasilkan kemudian dipisahkan menjadi anomali regional dan anomali lokal (residual) menggunakan metode Moving Avarage. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa area sekitar kaldera Bromo didominasi oleh anomali negatif, yang mengindikasikan keberdaan batuan piroklastik lepas, zona rekahan dan potensi kantung magma dangkal. Sebaliknya, akibat intrusi magma berulang, wilayah selatan dan tenggara gunung semeru menunjukkan anomali positif yang diasosiasikan karena keberadaan batuan beku padat seperti andesit dan basalt. Temuan ini memberikan gambaran awal struktur geologi bawah permukaan dengan metode non-destruktif dan dapat mendukung eksplorasi sumber daya alam serta mitigasi bencana. AbstractMount Bromo-Semeru is an active volcanic area in East Java that has high volcanic resources. This research aims to identify and interpret the subsurface structure of the area based on gravity anomaly data were obtained from TOPography EXperiment (TOPEX) satellite and analyzed trough several correction stages, including Free-Air Correction (FAC), Bouguer correction and terrain correction. The resulting Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) map is then separated into regional anomalies and local (residual) anomalies using the Moving Avarage method. The result of interpretation show that the area around the Bromo caldera is dominated by negative anomalies, wich indicate the presence of loose pyroclastic rocks, fracture zones and potential shallow magma pockets. In contrast, due to repeated magma intrusion, the south and southeast areas of Mount Semeru show positive anomalies associated with the presence of solid igneous rocks such as andesite and basalt. These findings provide an initial picture of the geological structure below the surface with non-destructive methods and can support the exploration of natural resources and disaster mitigation.
Analisis Keakuratan Katalog Data Gempa Bumi Indonesia pada Software Joko Tingkir terhadap Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) menggunakan Uji-T Berpasangan, Wilcoxon, dan Sudut Kagan Dewanti, Adek Putri; Madlazim, Madlazim; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p178-201

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis keakuratan focal mechanism yang dihasilkan software Joko Tingkir terhadap GCMT dengan perhitungan sudut Kagan dan menganalisis keakuratan data katalog Joko Tingkir terhadap GCMT melalui perhitungan uji-t berpasangan dan Wilcoxon ditinjau dari hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan. Data yang diuji memiliki magnitudo momen  ≥ 5,0 selama periode 2020-2024 dengan lima daerah penelitian yaitu daerah Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, dan Papua. Parameter yang diuji diantaranya waktu kejadian (origin time), kedalaman, longitude, latitude, dan focal mechanism diantaranya strike, dip, rake. Seluruh data gempa memiliki karakteristik gempa bumi tektonik atau presentase komponen Double Couple (DC) lebih dominan. Hasil perhitungan sudut Kagan dari 50 data uji menunjukkan tidak ada yang mencapai batas 60° sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Kagan (1991). Nilai ini mengindikasikan bahwa focal mechanism dan bentuk beachball yang dihasilkan oleh software Joko Tingkir relatif sesuai dan homogen terhadap GCMT. Selain itu, nilai-t dari hasil uji-t berpasangan pada parameter kedalaman (-0,88), dip (1,64), dan longitude (-1,23) tidak ada yang mencapai nilai-t kritis . Begitupula untuk nilai z-score dari Wilcoxon pada parameter magnitudo momen (-1,46), strike (-0,25), rake (-0,69) dan latitude (-0,32) tidak ada yang mencapai nilai-z kritis . Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua parameter peneilitian tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan antara data katalog Joko Tingir terhadap GCMT.   Abstract This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the accuracy of focal mechanisms produced by the Joko Tingkir software compared to GCMT using Kagan angle calculations, as well as assessing the accuracy of the Joko Tingkir catalog data against GCMT through paired t-test and Wilcoxon test calculations based on the established hypotheses. The tested data consist of earthquakes with a moment magnitude  ≥ 5.0 during the 2020–2024 period across five study regions: Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, and Papua. The parameters analyzed include origin time, depth, longitude, latitude, and focal mechanism parameters such as strike, dip, and rake. All tested earthquakes exhibit tectonic characteristics or a dominant Double Couple (DC) component. The Kagan angle results from 50 test data points showed that none exceeded the 60° threshold as stated by Kagan (1991). This indicates that the focal mechanisms and beachball diagrams generated by the Joko Tingkir software are relatively consistent and homogeneous with those of GCMT. In addition, the t-values from the paired t-test for the parameters of depth (-0.88), dip (1.64), and longitude (-1.23) did not reach the critical t-value of ±2.01. Similarly, the z-scores from the Wilcoxon test for the parameters of moment magnitude (-1.46), strike (-0.25), rake (-0.69), and latitude (-0.32) did not reach the critical z-value of ±1.96. It can be concluded that none of the parameters in this study showed significant differences between the Joko Tingkir catalog data and GCMT.
Analisis Seismisitas Wilayah Turki sebagai akibat Aktivitas Seismo-Tektonik Patahan Anatolia Dewi, Karlita; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul; Realita, Arie
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p276-291

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the seismicity and tectonic stress in Turkey based on earthquake data from the period 1924–2024 using the Frequency-Magnitude Distribution (FMD) approach with the ZMAP7.0 software. The study area is divided into four zones: Zone 1 (northwestern Turkey), Zone 2 (northeastern Turkey), Zone 3 (southwestern Turkey), and Zone 4 (southeastern Turkey). The parameters analyzed include the a-value for seismicity levels and the b-value for estimating subsurface tectonic stress. The results show that a-values ranging from approximately 5.80 to 6.03 are higher in Zones 3 and 4, indicating more frequent seismic activity in the southern regions. Conversely, Zones 1 and 2 have lower a -value, indicating less frequent earthquake occurrences. Lower b-value were found in the northern regions 0.58–0.66, suggesting higher tectonic stress and a greater potential for large earthquakes, particularly along the North Anatolian Fault. The southern regions exhibit higher b-values, reflecting lower stress levels and predominantly smaller earthquakes. For intermediate-depth sources, analysis was conducted only in Zone 3, where a low b-value indicates the potential for large earthquakes at these depths. This study contributes to a better understanding of Turkey's seismic characteristics and is essential for earthquake disaster mitigation planning.
Seismisitas Pulau Sumatera dan Wilayah Sekitarnya Akibat Aktivitas Seismo-Tektonik Zona Subduksi dan Patahan Choirunnisa, Kayla; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul; Realita, Arie
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p253-267

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the seismicity of Sumatra Island and its surrounding areas, which are known for their intense seismic activity due to complex geological and tectonic conditions. The analysis was conducted using the frequency–magnitude distribution (FMD) to estimate three seismic parameters: Mc, b-value, and a-value. Earthquake data were obtained from the ISC–GEM catalog (1924–2024) with a magnitude range of 4.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 9.5 and processed using ZMAP7.0 in Matlab2018a. Earthquake source depths were classified into shallow and intermediate sources. The analysis results show a dominance of shallow earthquakes, with higher a-values in the western zones (highest in Zone 3: 6.02), indicating intense seismic activity. In contrast, the eastern zones exhibit lower a-values and more stable seismic behavior. The b-values range from 0.4 to 0.9, reflecting high tectonic stress across the study area. Low b-values in the western zones suggest significant seismic energy accumulation and potential for large future earthquakes. The relationship among Mc, b, and a illustrates the characteristics of earthquake sources and supports probabilistic modeling and microzonation prioritization in vulnerable regions.
Gangguan Magnetik dan Elektrik Akibat Perambatan Gelombang Tsunami arianto, Fadia shifa; Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul; Realita, Arie
Inovasi Fisika Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2
Publisher : Prodi Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ifi.v14n2.p292-306

Abstract

This research aims to study electromagnetic disturbances as the generation of secondary magnetic field signals and total electron content (TEC) variations in the ionosphere due to major trans-Pacific tsunamis. Analysis was conducted on three major tsunami events, namely Hunga Tonga 2022, Tohoku 2011, and Chile 2010. Magnetic disturbance data were obtained using three main parameters taken from the official NOAA website. The data was then compared with the observations from the global INTERMAGNET magnetic stations. Meanwhile, the electrical disturbance data was obtained through GNSS-TEC satellite observations. The data obtained is then processed using statistical methods and signal observation to detect anomalies before and during a tsunami. The analysis results show a high level of agreement in bz values between the analytical estimates and observations. In the Tonga tsunami 2022, the difference ranged from 0.04-0.60 nT; Tohoku 2011 ranged from 0.00-0.90 nT; and Chile 2010 ranged from 0.00-0.06 nT. Additionally, TEC variations show significant disturbances in the ionosphere, with decreases and fluctuations in TEC values detected from before to several hours after the tsunami event. These findings confirm that tsunamis, whether triggered by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, can produce measurable electromagnetic disturbances, and have the potential to be utilized for preliminary studies of early disaster detection systems.  
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Ramadhan Adikuasa, M Biyadihie Agung Budi Harto Al 'Amali, Mayla Khayra Anas Burhanuddin arianto, Fadia shifa Asandi, Ruhi Choirunnisa, Kayla Dewanti, Adek Putri Dewi, Karlita Diah Hari Kusumawati Dzulkiflih, Dzulkiflih FAJAR SETIAWAN Habibulloh, Muhammad Ketut Wikantika Khairul Munadi Khansa Hanifa, Nabila Machabbah, Kharisma Madlazim Madlazim Madlazim Mita Anggaryani Mosse, Yogi Muhammad Yassir Nabila, Auliya Izka Natasya, Adinda Nur Ni Made Aprillia Sekar Manggartika Nurdiana, Gika Sukma Oktaviani, Rachma Dwi Pramesti, Novia Putri, Safirda Adini Rahmatsyah Realita, Arie Rozikin, Muchamad Khoirur Salsabila, Aisyah Salsabila, Nur Rizqika Ghina Suaebah, Evi Sumargono, Nuha Fauziyah Sungkono Sungkono Sya'roni, Imam Tika, Ni Made Aprillia Sekar Manggar Tjipto Prastowo Tsani, Elvira Silvia Wati, Jhulinda Nizar Yantidewi, Meta Zulfantri, Abdi