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All Journal JURNAL MAHKAMAH Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Awang Long Law Review Unes Law Review Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-undangan, Ekonomi Islam Pamulang Law Review Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Notary Journal Sultan Agung Notary Law Review Journal of Social Research Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia Academia Open
Tjempaka, Tjempaka
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Journal : Academia Open

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Judicial Rescission of a Preliminary Sales Agreement Due to Abuse of Circumstances: Pembatalan Secara Yudisial terhadap Perjanjian Pendahuluan Jual Beli karena Penyalahgunaan Keadaan Aripin, Clarissa; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13985

Abstract

General Background: The Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) as a notarial authentic deed serves as a legal instrument to facilitate land transactions and ensure legal certainty in civil law practice. Specific Background: In practice, PPJB may not always reflect a balanced agreement, particularly when one party experiences inequality of position, leading to misbruik van omstandigheden or abuse of circumstances. Knowledge Gap: Despite formal validity, there remains limited analysis of judicial reasoning in assessing defects of consent within PPJB and the resulting legal consequences in Indonesian court decisions. Aims: This study analyzes the judge’s legal considerations in annulling a notarial PPJB due to abuse of circumstances and examines the legal consequences of such annulment in Decision Number 234/Pdt.G/2020/PN Mtr. Results: The findings indicate that the annulment is based on a defect of consent arising from unequal bargaining positions, where the agreement did not reflect a freely formed will as required under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Consequently, the PPJB is categorized as a voidable agreement (vernietigbaar), resulting in the loss of binding legal force after the court decision and restoring the parties to their original position. Novelty: This study highlights the judicial application of misbruik van omstandigheden as a doctrinal basis for evaluating substantive justice beyond formal legality in notarial deeds. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for notarial prudence and consistent judicial application of abuse of circumstances doctrine to ensure legal protection for weaker parties in contractual relations. Highlights: Court reasoning confirms imbalance of bargaining positions as basis for contract invalidation. Agreement classification as vernietigbaar leads to loss of legal enforceability after judgment. Legal status of parties is restored to pre-contractual condition following annulment. Keywords: PPJB Annulment, Misbruik Van Omstandigheden, Notarial Deed, Defect of Consent, Indonesian Civil Law
The Indonesian Supreme Court’s Recognition of the Right to Customary Land in Indonesia: Pengakuan Mahkamah Agung Indonesia terhadap Hak Atas Tanah Adat di Indonesia Matara, Opa Jermias; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.14084

Abstract

General Background Customary land rights remain a central issue in Indonesian agrarian law because communal land ownership must be positioned within both national land regulation and living customary norms. Specific Background The dispute over Pusako Tinggi land in Supreme Court Decision Number 3569 K/Pdt/2024 reflects a legal conflict between clan-based inheritance claims and the authority of a customary council over communal customary land. Knowledge Gap The legal protection of indigenous peoples’ rights in this case required further clarification, particularly regarding how formal evidentiary standards interact with customary legitimacy in determining rights over Pusako Tinggi land. Aims This study analyzes the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to Pusako Tinggi land and the legal consequences of Supreme Court Decision Number 3569 K/Pdt/2024 for customary land protection. Results The findings show that photocopied documents without verified authenticity and de auditu testimony had no evidentiary strength, while the customary council’s evidence established stronger legal and customary legitimacy. The decision recognized the customary council as the legitimate holder of customary land authority and rejected individual claims that were not supported by valid proof. Novelty This study demonstrates that judicial recognition of customary land rights depends not only on normative acknowledgment of indigenous rights but also on authentic evidence, collective authority, and customary legitimacy. Implications The decision supports legal certainty, protects communal land from individual transfer, preserves the social function of Pusako Tinggi land, and emphasizes the need for stronger customary land documentation. Highlights: Photocopied documents and indirect testimony failed to prove lawful ownership. Collective authority received stronger judicial acknowledgment than individual claims. Formal proof remains essential for protecting inherited communal property. Keywords: Protection, Indigenous Peoples, High Heritage Land, Customary Council of the Nagari.
Co-Authors Al Hadid, Andi Pangerang Amanda, Rizki Anggraini, Ratu Mutiara Apriliani Arhamnee Sitti Aulia Aripin, Clarissa Christy , Stephanie Christy, Florentina Christy, Stephanie David Efratha Lambe Dirgantara, Mahardika Ea Tawa Ajo, Fransiska Litania Fandi Arwan, Muhammad Eka Gultom, Nurhayati Gunawan, Novia Hardiyansyah, Tendri Hussy, Maharani Millenia Icha Choerunnisa Iin Selvina Irene Irene Khairun Nisa, Raden Roro Salma Almira Mahatulus, Rykson Thri Matara, Opa Jermias Nurfaiqah, Andi Dimah Laila Nur’aini, Tiya Putri, Catherina Amanda Rositasari, Noviarasta Dewi Siahaan, Hotma Elisa Irene Tutuarima, Janesia Tutus Chariesma Putra Wajim, Julianti Putri Winarsih Winarsih