Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
16.25
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Bioeducation Journal Jurnal Bioterdidik: Wahana Ekspresi Ilmiah SEMIRATA 2015 BioCONCETTA Bio Ilmi: Jurnal Pendidikan E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Biodidaktika : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya Palapa: Jurnal Study Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Jurnal Bioedukatika Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ROKANIA Jurnal Biolokus: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi dan Biologi JURNAL EKSAKTA PENDIDIKAN (JEP) Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI JEMST: Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation Jurnal EDUTECH Undiksha Journal on Education FONDATIA Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education (JIME) EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN Jurnal Dedikasi Pendidikan Atrium Pendidikan Biologi MANAZHIM Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal Pelita Eksakta Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Bio-Inoved : Jurnal Biologi-Inovasi Pendidikan Sainstek : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Jurnal Biogenerasi Penbios: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan AS-SABIQUN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini Journal On Teacher Education (Jote) FORUM PAEDAGOGIK JURNAL BIOSHELL SIMBIOSA BiosciED: Journal of Biological Science and Education Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies Bioed : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi DIKSI: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan dan Sosial BIOCHEPHY: Journal of Science Education Jurnal Vokasi Mekanika Al-Alam : Islamic Natural Science Education Journal Tsaqofah: Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Science Education) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia PESHUM
Heffi Alberida
Universitas Negeri Padang
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

Published : 153 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 3 Documents
Search
Journal : Pelita Eksakta

 1 
IbM Mushroom Cultivation to Empowerment Mothers Dasa Wisma Yosi Laila Rahmi; Heffi Alberida; Helendra Helendra
Pelita Eksakta Vol 1 No 1 (2018): Pelita Eksakta Vol. 1 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol1-iss1/23

Abstract

敖獲潩㩮⸱ര匊慴瑲呈䱍〺〰〰〰㐲ഹ䔊摮呈䱍〺〰〰㈲㐷ഴ匊慴瑲牆条敭瑮〺〰〰〲㠷ള䔊摮牆条敭瑮〺〰〰㈲〷ഴ匊畯捲啥䱒昺汩㩥⼯䐯尺㔰┮〲敐杮扡楤湡㈥䴰獡慹慲慫屴⸱㈥䤰䵢㈥䈰摵摩祡╡〲慊畭屲⸹㈥䄰瑲歩汥奜獯╩〲慌汩╡〲慒浨Ⱪ㈥䤰䵢㈥䈰摵摩祡╡〲慊畭⹲潤ൣഊ㰊瑨汭砠汭獮漺∽牵㩮捳敨慭⵳業牣獯景⵴潣㩭景楦散漺晦捩≥਍浸湬㩳㵷產湲猺档浥獡洭捩潲潳瑦挭浯漺晦捩㩥潷摲ഢ砊汭獮洺∽瑨灴⼺猯档浥獡洮捩潲潳瑦挮浯漯晦捩⽥〲㐰ㄯ⼲浯汭ഢ砊汭獮∽瑨灴⼺眯睷眮⸳牯⽧剔刯䍅栭浴㑬∰ാഊ㰊敨摡ാ㰊敭慴栠瑴⵰煥極㵶潃瑮湥⵴祔数挠湯整瑮∽整瑸栯浴㭬挠慨獲瑥甽晴㠭㸢਍洼瑥⁡慮敭倽潲䥧⁤潣瑮湥㵴潗摲䐮捯浵湥㹴਍洼瑥⁡慮敭䜽湥牥瑡牯挠湯整瑮∽楍牣獯景⁴潗摲ㄠ∴ാ㰊敭慴渠浡㵥牏杩湩瑡牯挠湯整瑮∽楍牣獯景⁴潗摲ㄠ∴ാ㰊楬歮爠汥䘽汩ⵥ楌瑳਍牨晥∽楦敬⼺⼯㩃啜敳獲慜畳屳灁䑰瑡屡潌慣屬敔灭浜潳瑨汭汣灩就㄰捜楬彰楦敬楬瑳砮汭㸢਍ℼⴭ楛⁦瑧⁥獭崹㰾浸㹬਍㰠㩯晏楦散潄畣敭瑮敓瑴湩獧ാ 㰠㩯敒祬湏䵖⽌ാ 㰠㩯汁潬偷䝎㸯਍†漼吺牡敧却牣敥卮穩㹥〸砰〶㰰漯吺牡敧却牣敥卮穩㹥਍㰠漯伺晦捩䑥捯浵湥却瑥楴杮㹳਍⼼浸㹬ℼ敛摮晩ⵝ㸭਍氼湩敲㵬桴浥䑥瑡ൡ栊敲㵦昢汩㩥⼯䌯尺獕牥屳獡獵䅜灰慄慴䱜捯污呜浥屰獭桯浴捬楬ㅰぜ就汣灩瑟敨敭慤慴琮浨≸ാ㰊楬歮爠汥挽汯牯捓敨敭慍灰湩൧栊敲㵦昢汩㩥⼯䌯尺獕牥屳獡獵䅜灰慄慴䱜捯污呜浥屰獭桯浴捬楬ㅰぜ就汣灩损汯牯捳敨敭慭灰湩⹧浸≬ാ㰊ⴡ嬭晩朠整洠潳㤠㹝砼汭ാ 眼场牯䑤捯浵湥㹴਍†眼嘺敩㹷潎浲污⼼㩷楖睥ാ 㰠㩷潚浯〾⼼㩷潚浯ാ 㰠㩷牔捡䵫癯獥㸯਍†眼吺慲正潆浲瑡楴杮㸯਍†眼债湵瑣慵楴湯敋湲湩⽧ാ 㰠㩷慖楬慤整杁楡獮却档浥獡㸯਍†眼区癡䥥塦䱍湉慶楬㹤慦獬㱥眯区癡䥥塦䱍湉慶楬㹤਍†眼䤺湧牯䵥硩摥潃瑮湥㹴慦獬㱥眯䤺湧牯䵥硩摥潃瑮湥㹴਍†眼䄺睬祡即潨偷慬散潨摬牥敔瑸显污敳⼼㩷汁慷獹桓睯汐捡桥汯敤呲硥㹴਍†眼䐺乯瑯牐浯瑯入⽆ാ 㰠㩷楌呤敨敭瑏敨㹲义⼼㩷楌呤敨敭瑏敨㹲਍†眼䰺摩桔浥䅥楳湡堾中乏㱅眯䰺摩桔浥䅥楳湡ാ 㰠㩷楌呤敨敭潃灭敬卸牣灩㹴ⵘ低䕎⼼㩷楌呤敨敭潃灭敬卸牣灩㹴਍†眼䌺浯慰楴楢楬祴ാ †眼䈺敲歡牗灡数呤扡敬⽳ാ †眼区慮呰䝯楲䥤䍮汥⽬ാ †眼场慲呰硥坴瑩偨湵瑣㸯਍†㰠㩷獕䅥楳湡牂慥剫汵獥㸯਍†㰠㩷潄瑮片睯畁潴楦⽴ാ †眼区汰瑩材牂慥䅫摮慐慲慍歲㸯਍†㰠㩷湅扡敬灏湥祔数敋湲湩⽧ാ †眼䐺湯䙴楬䵰物潲䥲摮湥獴㸯਍†㰠㩷癏牥楲敤慔汢卥祴敬灈⽳ാ †眼唺敳䕆慌潹瑵㸯਍†⼼㩷潃灭瑡扩汩瑩㹹਍†洼洺瑡偨㹲਍†㰠㩭慭桴潆瑮洠瘺污∽慃扭楲⁡慍桴⼢ാ †洼戺歲楂㩭慶㵬戢晥牯≥㸯਍†㰠㩭牢䉫湩畓⁢㩭慶㵬☢㐣㬵∭㸯਍†㰠㩭浳污䙬慲⁣㩭慶㵬漢晦⼢ാ †洼携獩䑰晥㸯਍†㰠㩭䵬牡楧㩭慶㵬〢⼢ാ †洼爺慍杲湩洠瘺污∽∰㸯਍†㰠㩭敤䩦⁣㩭慶㵬挢湥整䝲潲灵⼢ാ †洼眺慲䥰摮湥⁴㩭慶㵬ㄢ㐴∰㸯਍†㰠㩭湩䱴浩洠瘺污∽畳卢灵⼢ാ †洼渺牡䱹浩洠瘺污∽湵佤牶⼢ാ 㰠洯洺瑡偨㹲⼼㩷潗摲潄畣敭瑮ാ㰊砯汭㰾嬡湥楤嵦ⴭ㰾ⴡ嬭晩朠整洠潳㤠㹝砼汭ാ 眼䰺瑡湥却祴敬⁳敄䱦捯敫卤慴整∽慦獬≥䐠晥湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽牴敵ഢ 䐠晥敓業楈摤湥∽牴敵•敄兦潆浲瑡∽慦獬≥䐠晥牐潩楲祴∽㤹ഢ 䰠瑡湥却祴敬潃湵㵴㈢㜶㸢਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹〢•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥丢牯慭≬㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㤢•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥栢慥楤杮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽∹儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽敨摡湩⁧∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㤢•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥栢慥楤杮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽∹儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽敨摡湩⁧∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㤢•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥栢慥楤杮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽∹儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽敨摡湩⁧∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㤢•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥栢慥楤杮㜠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽∹儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽敨摡湩⁧∸㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㤢•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥栢慥楤杮㤠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•慎敭∽潴⁣∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∹丠浡㵥琢捯㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•慎敭∽潴⁣∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∹丠浡㵥琢捯㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•慎敭∽潴⁣∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∹丠浡㵥琢捯㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•慎敭∽潴⁣∷㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∹丠浡㵥琢捯㠠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•慎敭∽潴⁣∹㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∵儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽慣瑰潩≮㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹ㄢ∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽楔汴≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹ㄢ•慎敭∽敄慦汵⁴慐慲牧灡⁨潆瑮⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄱ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥匢扵楴汴≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㈢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽瑓潲杮⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〲•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥䔢灭慨楳≳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㔢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥吢扡敬䜠楲≤㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽汐捡桥汯敤⁲敔瑸⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽潎匠慰楣杮⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴桓摡湩≧㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䰠獩≴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䜠楲≤㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∴匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∵匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㘶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∷匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㠶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽慄歲䰠獩≴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦桓摡湩≧㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦楌瑳⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䜠楲≤㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䰠獩⁴捁散瑮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴片摩䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧‱捁散瑮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㐶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮㈠䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∵匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敒楶楳湯⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㐳•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥䰢獩⁴慐慲牧灡≨㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㈢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽畑瑯≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽湉整獮⁥畑瑯≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∶匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳㈠䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∷匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∸匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㈠䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㌠䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䐢牡楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∱㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䰠獩⁴捁散瑮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䜠楲⁤捁散瑮ㄠ⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄶ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䜠楲⁤捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∴匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧′捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㔶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴‱捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㘶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴′捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㜶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤‱捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㠶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤′捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤″捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽慄歲䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㈠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄷ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦片摩䄠捣湥⁴∲㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴片摩䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧‱捁散瑮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㐶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮㈠䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∵匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∶匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳㈠䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∷匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∸匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㈠䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㌠䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䐢牡楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䜠楲⁤捁散瑮㌠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄶ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䜠楲⁤捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∴匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧′捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㔶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴‱捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㘶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴′捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㜶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤‱捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㠶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤′捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤″捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽慄歲䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㐠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄷ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦片摩䄠捣湥⁴∴㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴片摩䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧‱捁散瑮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㐶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮㈠䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∵匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∶匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩楌瑳㈠䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∷匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∸匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㈠䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩片摩㌠䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∰匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䐢牡楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∵㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㈷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵䜠楲⁤捁散瑮㔠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴桓摡湩⁧捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄶ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽楌桧⁴楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䰢杩瑨䜠楲⁤捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㌶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵匠慨楤杮ㄠ䄠捣湥⁴∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㘢∴匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䴢摥畩桓摡湩⁧′捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㔶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴‱捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㘶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䰠獩⁴′捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㜶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤‱捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㠶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤′捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤶•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽敍楤浵䜠楲⁤″捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽〷•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽慄歲䰠獩⁴捁散瑮㘠⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄷ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•慎敭∽潃潬晲汵匠慨楤杮䄠捣湥⁴∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦楌瑳䄠捣湥⁴∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㜢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥丠浡㵥䌢汯牯畦片摩䄠捣湥⁴∶㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹ㄢ∹匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽畓瑢敬䔠灭慨楳≳㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㈢∱匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽湉整獮⁥浅桰獡獩⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽ㄳ•敓業楈摤湥∽慦獬≥਍†唠桮摩坥敨啮敳㵤昢污敳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥匢扵汴⁥敒敦敲据≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∲匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽湉整獮⁥敒敦敲据≥㸯਍†眼䰺摳硅散瑰潩潌正摥∽慦獬≥倠楲牯瑩㵹㌢∳匠浥䡩摩敤㵮昢污敳ഢ †湕楨敤桗湥獕摥∽慦獬≥儠潆浲瑡∽牴敵•慎敭∽潂歯吠瑩敬⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㜳•慎敭∽楂汢潩牧灡票⼢ാ 㰠㩷獌䕤捸灥楴湯䰠捯敫㵤昢污敳•牐潩楲祴∽㤳•䙑牯慭㵴琢畲≥丠浡㵥吢䍏䠠慥楤杮⼢ാ ⼼㩷慌整瑮瑓汹獥ാ㰊砯汭㰾嬡湥楤嵦ⴭാ㰊瑳汹㹥਍ℼⴭ਍⼠‪潆瑮䐠晥湩瑩潩獮⨠യ 晀湯⵴慦散਍笉潦瑮昭浡汩㩹慃楬牢㭩਍瀉湡獯ⵥ㨱′㔱㔠㈠㈠㈠㐠㌠㈠㐠഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑮挭慨獲瑥〺഻ऊ獭ⵯ敧敮楲ⵣ潦瑮昭浡汩㩹睳獩㭳਍洉潳昭湯⵴楰捴㩨慶楲扡敬഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑮猭杩慮畴敲ⴺ㌵㠶〷㐱‵〱㌷㠷ㄶㄱㄠ〠㐠㔱〠紻਍晀湯⵴慦散਍笉潦瑮昭浡汩㩹夢⁵楍据潨㬢਍洉潳昭湯⵴污㩴䄢楲污唠楮潣敤䴠≓഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑮挭慨獲瑥ㄺ㠲഻ऊ獭ⵯ敧敮楲ⵣ潦瑮昭浡汩㩹潲慭㭮਍洉潳昭湯⵴楰捴㩨慶楲扡敬഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑮猭杩慮畴敲〺㜠㜱㐷㐹㠸ㄠ‸‰㌱㈱ㄳ〠紻਍晀湯⵴慦散਍笉潦瑮昭浡汩㩹尢奀⁵楍据潨㬢਍洉潳昭湯⵴档牡敳㩴㈱㬸਍洉潳札湥牥捩昭湯⵴慦業祬爺浯湡഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑮瀭瑩档瘺牡慩汢㭥਍洉潳昭湯⵴楳湧瑡牵㩥‰ㄷ㜷㤴㠴‸㠱〠ㄠㄳ㌲‱㬰ൽ ⨯匠祴敬䐠晥湩瑩潩獮⨠യ ⹰獍乯牯慭ⱬ氠⹩獍乯牯慭ⱬ搠癩䴮潳潎浲污਍笉獭ⵯ瑳汹ⵥ湵楨敤渺㭯਍洉潳猭祴敬焭潦浲瑡示獥഻ऊ獭ⵯ瑳汹ⵥ慰敲瑮∺㬢਍洉牡楧⵮潴㩰挰㭭਍洉牡楧⵮楲桧㩴挰㭭਍洉牡楧⵮潢瑴浯ㄺ⸰瀰㭴਍洉牡楧⵮敬瑦〺浣഻ऊ楬敮栭楥桧㩴ㄱ┵഻ऊ獭ⵯ慰楧慮楴湯眺摩睯漭灲慨㭮਍昉湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸱瀰㭴਍昉湯⵴慦業祬∺慃楬牢≩∬慳獮猭牥晩㬢਍洉潳昭牡慥瑳昭湯⵴慦業祬∺留䴠湩档≯഻ऊ獭ⵯ楢楤昭湯⵴慦業祬∺楔敭⁳敎⁷潒慭≮഻ऊ獭ⵯ湡楳氭湡畧条㩥剆഻ऊ獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴慬杮慵敧䔺ⵎ单紻਍䴮潳桃䑰晥畡瑬਍笉獭ⵯ瑳汹ⵥ祴数攺灸牯⵴湯祬഻ऊ獭ⵯ敤慦汵⵴牰灯㩳敹㭳਍昉湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴਍洉潳愭獮⵩潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰഻ऊ獭ⵯ楢楤昭湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴਍昉湯⵴慦業祬∺慃楬牢≩∬慳獮猭牥晩㬢਍洉潳愭捳楩昭湯⵴慦業祬䌺污扩楲഻ऊ獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹夢⁵楍据潨㬢਍洉潳栭湡楳昭湯⵴慦業祬䌺污扩楲紻਍灀条⁥潗摲敓瑣潩ㅮ਍笉楳敺㘺㈱〮瑰㜠㈹〮瑰഻ऊ慭杲湩㜺⸲瀰⁴㈷〮瑰㜠⸲瀰⁴㈷〮瑰഻ऊ獭ⵯ敨摡牥洭牡楧㩮㘳〮瑰഻ऊ獭ⵯ潦瑯牥洭牡楧㩮㘳〮瑰഻ऊ獭ⵯ慰数⵲潳牵散〺紻਍楤⹶潗摲敓瑣潩ㅮ਍笉慰敧场牯卤捥楴湯㬱ൽⴊ㸭਍⼼瑳汹㹥਍ℼⴭ楛⁦瑧⁥獭〱㹝਍猼祴敬ാ ⨯匠祴敬䐠晥湩瑩潩獮⨠യ 慴汢⹥獍乯牯慭呬扡敬਍笉獭ⵯ瑳汹ⵥ慮敭∺慔汢⁥潎浲污㬢਍洉潳琭瑳汹ⵥ潲扷湡ⵤ楳敺〺഻ऊ獭ⵯ獴祴敬挭汯慢摮猭穩㩥㬰਍洉潳猭祴敬渭獯潨㩷敹㭳਍洉潳猭祴敬瀭楲牯瑩㩹㤹഻ऊ獭ⵯ瑳汹ⵥ慰敲瑮∺㬢਍洉潳瀭摡楤杮愭瑬〺浣㔠㐮瑰〠浣㔠㐮瑰഻ऊ獭ⵯ慰慲洭牡楧㩮挰㭭਍洉潳瀭牡ⵡ慭杲湩戭瑯潴㩭〮〰瀱㭴਍洉潳瀭条湩瑡潩㩮楷潤⵷牯桰湡഻ऊ潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰഻ऊ潦瑮昭浡汩㩹䌢污扩楲Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦紻਍⼼瑳汹㹥਍ℼ敛摮晩ⵝ㸭਍⼼敨摡ാഊ㰊潢祤氠湡㵧义猠祴敬✽慴ⵢ湩整癲污㌺⸶瀰❴ാ㰊ⴡ匭慴瑲牆条敭瑮ⴭ㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰氻湩ⵥ敨杩瑨ㄺ㔱㬥਍潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹夢⁵楍据潨㬢਍獭ⵯ湡楳氭湡畧条㩥义活潳昭牡慥瑳氭湡畧条㩥久唭㭓獭ⵯ楢楤氭湡畧条㩥剁匭❁䴾⼼灳湡㰾灳湡਍慬杮䔽⁎瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴楬敮栭楥桧㩴ㄱ┵昻湯⵴慦業祬∺楔敭⁳敎⁷潒慭≮∬敳楲≦഻洊潳昭牡慥瑳昭湯⵴慦業祬∺留䴠湩档≯活潳愭獮⵩慬杮慵敧䔺㭎獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴慬杮慵敧ഺ䔊ⵎ单活潳戭摩⵩慬杮慵敧䄺ⵒ䅓㸧瑡牵椠⁳湯⁥景搠獩牴捩獴椠桴⁥牡慥漠⁦⼼灳湡㰾灳湡਍瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴楬敮栭楥桧㩴ㄱ┵昻湯⵴慦業祬∺楔敭⁳敎⁷潒慭≮∬敳楲≦഻洊潳昭牡慥瑳昭湯⵴慦業祬∺留䴠湩档≯活潳愭獮⵩慬杮慵敧䤺㭎獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴慬杮慵敧ഺ䔊ⵎ单活潳戭摩⵩慬杮慵敧䄺ⵒ䅓㸧態畢慰整㱁猯慰㹮猼慰慬杮䔽ൎ猊祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰氻湩ⵥ敨杩瑨ㄺ㔱㬥潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢਍獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹夢⁵楍据潨㬢獭ⵯ湡楳氭湡畧条㩥久活潳昭牡慥瑳氭湡畧条㩥਍久唭㭓獭ⵯ楢楤氭湡畧条㩥剁匭❁朾浡㰮猯慰㹮猼慰慬杮䔽⁎瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴਍楬敮栭楥桧㩴ㄱ┵昻湯⵴慦業祬∺楔敭⁳敎⁷潒慭≮∬敳楲≦活潳昭牡慥瑳昭湯⵴慦業祬ഺ∊留䴠湩档≯活潳愭獮⵩慬杮慵敧䤺㭎獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴慬杮慵敧䔺ⵎ单活潳戭摩⵩慬杮慵敧ഺ䄊ⵒ䅓㸧㰠猯慰㹮猼慰慬杮䔽⁎瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴楬敮栭楥桧㩴ㄱ┵഻昊湯⵴慦業祬∺楔敭⁳敎⁷潒慭≮∬敳楲≦活潳昭牡慥瑳昭湯⵴慦業祬∺留䴠湩档≯഻洊潳愭獮⵩慬杮慵敧䔺㭎獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴慬杮慵敧䔺ⵎ单活潳戭摩⵩慬杮慵敧䄺ⵒ䅓㸧敒楧湯污਍⼼灳湡㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰氻湩ⵥ敨杩瑨ㄺ㔱㬥潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢਍獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹夢⁵楍据潨㬢獭ⵯ湡楳氭湡畧条㩥义活潳昭牡慥瑳氭湡畧条㩥਍久唭㭓獭ⵯ楢楤氭湡畧条㩥剁匭❁䴾⼼灳湡㰾灳湡氠湡㵧久猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰഻氊湩ⵥ敨杩瑨ㄺ㔱㬥潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢獭ⵯ慦敲獡⵴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹਍夢⁵楍据潨㬢獭ⵯ湡楳氭湡畧条㩥久活潳昭牡慥瑳氭湡畧条㩥久唭㭓獭ⵯ楢楤氭湡畧条㩥਍剁匭❁愾畴⁲慨楶杮瘠牡潩獵瀠瑯湥楴污ⱳ渠瑯漠汮⁹湩琠牥獭漠⁦敧杯慲桰捩污ബ琊畯楲浳愠摮琠敨挠湯楤楴湯漠⁦瑩⁳慮畴慲畢⁴污潳椠整浲⁳景栠浵湡爠獥畯捲獥ബ渊浡汥⁹慤慳眠獩慭㰮猯慰㹮ℼⴭ湅䙤慲浧湥⵴㸭਍⼼潢祤ാഊ㰊栯浴㹬਍
Sulam Project: Tuberculosis (TB) Health Education for Primary School Students as a community service collaboration between the Department of Biology FMIPA UNP and UPSI Malaysia Yosi Laila Rahmi; Elsa Yuniarti; Helsa Rahmatika; Dwi Hilda Putri; Heffi Alberida; Syakirah binti Samsudin
Pelita Eksakta Vol 6 No 2 (2023): Pelita Eksakta, Vol. 6, No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol6-iss2/7

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that is a priority in both Indonesia and Malaysia. Since being designated by WHO at 1993 as a global public health threat, Tuberculosis (TB) has become one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Recently, the number of Tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia has increased, especially paediatric TB cases. In addition, Tuberculosis (TB) cases also increased in Malaysia. For the West Sumatra region, the highest number of TB patients is in Padang City. Since Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that can affect anyone including children, the school environment as one of the places where children gather and interact has the opportunity to be a place for the spread of TB cases as well as having an important role in preventing TB transmission. However, in reality, the role of schools in early prevention efforts related to Tuberculosis (TB) disease in children, especially elementary school students, is still not optimal. In line with this, Tuberculosis (TB) disease is closely related to the human respiratory system which is one of the topics discussed in the human anatomy and physiology course in the MBKM activity between the Department of Biology FMIPA UNP and the Department of Biology UPSI. Therefore, it is necessary to make preventive efforts in the form of Tuberculosis prevention education. The results of community service are that several stages of community service activities have been carried out regarding Tuberculosis (TB) prevention education for elementary school students, namely the students involved are enthusiastic about the activities held, then pre-service biology teacher are also actively engaged in preparing and carrying out this activity and students' knowledge related to general knowledge, symptoms, their relationship with the respiratory system and prevention efforts are classified as good.
Organic Waste Processing Training for Members of the Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja (PIK-R) Bukit Gado-Gado Padang as an Effort for Sustainable Environmental Education Anggriyani, Ria; Alberida, Heffi; Fajrina, Suci; Rahmatika, Helsa
Pelita Eksakta Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Pelita Eksakta, Vol. 7, No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol7-iss1/216

Abstract

The accumulation of waste that occurs in Indonesia is dominated by domestic organic waste. This also happened in Bukit Gado-Gado Padang which is exacerbated by the geographical conditions which are hilly areas, so that people have difficulty accessing temporary waste disposal sites which are far from the top of Bukit Gado-Gado. This problem is the impact of a lack of public awareness about the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and a lack of knowledge and skills in processing domestic waste. One effort to educate the public is through educating young men and women who are members of Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja (PIK-R) Bukit Gado-Gado about processing domestic organic waste into environmentally friendly and economically valuable materials, namely solid organic fertilizer (compost) and liquid organic fertilizer. The methods used in this activity are lectures, demonstrations, questions and answers and guided practice. The results of the evaluation of this activity show that there is an increase in the knowledge, skills and motivation of participants in processing organic waste to preserve the environment.
Co-Authors Abdul Razak Abdul Razak Afdal Afdal, Afdal Afriandi, Muhammad Agusni, Pratiwi Aisyah Hamid Aldeva Ilhami* Ambiyar, Ambiyar Aminah Lubis, Ummi Ananda, Syifa Andini, Yuni Fatma Anggriyani, Ria Anggryani, Ria Angreni, Siska Anugrah, Chici Apriyeni, Olda Ardi - Ardi Ardi Ardi Ardi Ardi Ardi Ardianti, Riska Arfianti, Fina Aripin, Nurul Atifah, Yusni Aulia Fikri, Refsya Aulia Hafifah Aulia Rahmi, Aulia Aulia, Retri Ayu Andriyanti Ayu Wulandari Ayu, Duni Damira Damira Darmanella Dian Eka Wati Darussyamsu, Rahmawati Defni, Syafira Desi Nurmayenti Dezi Handayani Dezi Handayani Diah Putri Anggun Diah Sunarwati Dian Purnamasari Diana Vivanti Sigit Dinda Nursal Dwi Aprilia Heni Putri Dwi Hilda Putri Eliza Eliza Elsa Yuniarti Emelia Debora Endela, Elifia Zulfa Etmi Hardi Fadilah, Muhyiatl Fadilah, Muhyiatul Fajrina, Suci FAJRINA, SUCI Faren Landysa Fatira, Viona Fatni Mufit Febril, Atiqah Nabila Febrina, Reza Femel Pajria Femil Adella Festiyed Festiyed Firdaus, Andiani Fitri Arsih Fitri Arsih Fitri Olivia Rahmi Fitri, Ramadhani Fuadiyah, Sa’diatul Hasri Hidayati Helendra . Helendra Helendra Helsa Rahmatika Heni Putri, Dwi Aprilia Hidayati, Hasri Husnatul Ulya Husnul Khatmi Nurhalim I Gusti Bagus Wiksuana Ikmanisa Khairati Ilmi Zajuli Ichsan Intan Fathia Rahmi IRDAWATI Irdawati Irdawati Irdawati Irdawati Irdes Hidayana Siregar Isil Koc Jeniver Jeniver Junil Adri Karlina, Gita Khairina Khairina Khalif Alfajri Kiki Mulyani Lani Viora Cecilia Laras Trimayora Lasmana, Oria Lasmi Lestari Lestari, Lasmi Lini Mulyani Lucy Petra Kamelsa Lufri Lufri Mades Fifendy Maricar H Sison Maulani, Tasya Mega Iswari Megawati - Mesia Dewi Hasanah MEZI YULIA ASTUTI Miftahul Jannah Miftahussa'adiah Miftahussa'adiah Monhartini Monhartini Moralita Chatri Muhammad Ikbal Muhammad Ikbal Muhyiatl Fadilah Muhyiatul Fadilah Muhyiatul Fadilah Mutia Sari Nada Aulia Asri Nadiah Alhusna Miatidini Nadila, Ainatul Natesya, Merly Nella Dwi Apriyani Nella Handayani Nengsih Oktari Niggita Syofyati Nike Delia Nindya Ananda Latifa Nining Purnama Dewi Novia Daniati Noviandra Syarif Novica Ashari Nurpatri, Yeni Nurul Aulia Rahmi Nurul Azizah NURUL AZIZAH Permata Sari, Rovi Purwati, Selvira Putra, Firdaus Eka Putri Silmi Nurul Fadila Putri, Firma Putri, Mayang Rahmadhani Fitri Rahmadhani Fitri Rahmadhani Fitri Rahmawati Darussyamsu Rahmawati Darussyamsyu Rahmawati, Rahmawati Rahmi Kurniati Rahmi, Fitri Olvia Rahmi, Sagita Nea Rahmi, Yosi Laila Ramadhan Sumarmin Ramadhan Sumarmin Ramadhan Sumarmin Ramayawati Ratih Aulia Gusmar Ratih Komala Dewi Raysa Juwita Relsas Yogica, Relsas Retra Yoza Reuni, Putri Ria Anggriyani Ria Nati Lova Riandho Prandifa. Y Rika Andima Rika Gustia Risda Hayati Riska Ulandari Ristiono Ristiono Ristiono Ristiono Ristiono Ristiono Riza Elpia Delita Rizal, Resti Rona Taula Sari, Rona Taula Ruri Lorika S. Syamsurizal Sa'diatul Fuadiyah Sa'diatul Fuadiyah Sa'diatul Fuadiyah Safitri, Rya Angraini Samsudin, Syakirah Santosa, Tomi Apra Sapitri, Elvina sari, Mutia Sasmeri Sasmeri Selaras, Ganda Hijrah Sepriadi, Ilham Septu Yoelianty Sukma Shafira, Fitri Silvia Delvi Hardini Sinta Melati Siregar, Zahra Salsabila SITI AISAH Sofiah Zulfa Sofya Widora Solly Aryza Sonia Nurul Ayunda Suci Fajrina SUCI FAJRINA Sugandi, Hanjeli Sukses Jona Mutia Syafrilianto, Syafrilianto Syakirah binti Samsudin Syamsuriza Syamsuriza Syamsurizal - - Syifa Ananda Tita Sonia Titin . Toeenfi Febrian Suzerli Tri Lestari Agus Murianti Tri Putri Wahyuni Tuzzahra, Annisa Utami Azzahra Wahidul Basri Wahyuni, Sisri Waliyyatu Azzahra Widuri Widuri Windi Amelia Wirda Taufik Wiria, Wika Yelza Sonia Putri Yeny Nur Fasella Yerimadesi Yerimadesi Yerimadesi Yogica, Relsas Yohana Yosi Laila Rahmi Yuni Ahda Yuni Ahda Zenlis Suryana Zikra Zikra Zulfahmi Zulfahmi Zulyusri Zulyusri Zulyusri Zulyusri Zulyusri, Zulyusri