I Wayan Megadhana
Department Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

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Journal : ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran

Infeksi Saluran Kemih Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Persalinan Preterm Sugianto Sugianto; I Wayan Megadhana; Ketut Suwiyoga; Tjokorda Gde Agung Suwardewa; I Gusti Putu Mayun Mayura; Anom Suardika; I Wayan Artana Putra
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): (Available online: 1 August 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.351 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v11i2.774

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm labor is one of the major problem and challenge in the obstetric field, since it is associated with high mortality and morbidity in newborn. Preterm delivery around 39.6% was thought to be caused by infection. One of the most common causes of preterm labor is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). This study aims to determine the role of UTI in pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm labor.Method: This study is a case control study conducted from February 2019 to November 2019. This study involved 52 women (26 case group and 26 control group) with gestational ages over 20 weeks and under 37 weeks, where in case group with signs and symptoms of threatened of preterm delivery and in control group with no signs and symptoms of threatened of preterm delivery. The research sample is maternal peripheral blood for evaluation of Haemoglobin and mid stream urine for evaluation of Bacteriuria and Urine Culture - Resistance Test. Result: In this study, there were no differences in the value of characteristics of maternal age, gestasional age, and gravidity between the two groups (p> 0.05). Pregnancy with UTI (asymptomatic bacteriuria) increased the risk of preterm labor by 13 times compared to pregnancies without UTI (OR = 13.24; 95% CI = 1.53-114.30; p = 0.005 ).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a pregnancy with a UTI has a 13 times higher risk of experiencing preterm labor when compared to a pregnancy without a UTI.  Pendahuluan: Persalinan preterm adalah salah satu masalah dan tantangan dalam bidang obstetrik, terkait dengan tingginya mortalitas dan morbiditas pada bayi yang dilahirkan. Persalinan preterm sekitar 39,6% disebabkan oleh infeksi. Salah satu penyebab yang paling umum adalah Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan ISK dalam kehamilan sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya persalinan preterm.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan dari Februari 2019 hingga November 2019. Penelitian ini melibatkan 52 wanita (26 kelompok kasus dan 26 kelompok kontrol) dengan usia kehamilan lebih dari 20 minggu dan di bawah 37 minggu, di mana dalam kelompok kasus dengan adanya tanda dan gejala ancaman persalinan preterm dan dalam kelompok kontrol tanpa adanya tanda dan gejala ancaman persalinan preterm. Sampel penelitian adalah darah tepi ibu untuk keperluan menilai kadar Hemoglobin dan urin aliran tengah untuk keperluan evaluasi adanya Bakteriuria dan selanjutnya untuk Kultur Urin – Uji Resistensi.Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dalam karakteristik usia ibu, usia kehamilan, dan graviditas antara kedua kelompok (p>0,05). Diketahui bahwa kehamilan dengan ISK (bakteriuria asimptomatik) meningkatkan risiko persalinan preterm sebesar 13 kali dibandingkan dengan kehamilan tanpa ISK (OR = 13,24; IK 95%= 1,53-114,30; p = 0,005).Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kehamilan dengan ISK memiliki risiko 13 kali lebih tinggi mengalami persalinan preterm bila dibandingkan dengan kehamilan tanpa ISK.
Ekspresi tenascin-C yang tinggi pada ligamentum sakrouterina sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia I Wayan Megadhana; Riza Firman Satria; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Gusti Putu Mayun Mayura; Putu Doster Mahayasa; I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): (Available online: 1 August 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (442.813 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v11i2.791

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine prolapse is the descent of the uterus into the vagina or out of the vagina as a result of the failure of the ligament as a pelvic support. Uterine prolapse has multifactorial risk factors, but in every case of uterine prolapse, weakness is found in the pelvic floor supporting tissues, including the sacrouterine ligament. Childbirth is direct trauma that cause damage and weakness of levaor ani muscle, which leads to stretch of sacrouterine ligament that plays important role in maintaining uterus in its normal position. The main structure of the sacrouterine ligament consists of cells and extracellular matrix such as collagen, elastin, glycoproteins (fibronectin, tenascin, link protein, fibromodulin and dan osteopontin) and proteoglycans (agrecan, versican, biglican, dan perlecan). Tenascin is a major oligomeric glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix. Tenascin has an important role not only during development but also when there are pathological conditions in adulthood such as tissue injury and tumorigenesis. Based on the current research, there are four tenascin groups, that are: tenascin-C, tenascin-R, tenascin-X, tenascin-Y and tenascin-W. If there is an expression of tenascin-C disturbance  in the sacrouterine ligament, it will cause uterine prolapse. The purpose of this study was to prove the high expression of tenascin-C in the sacrouterine ligament as a risk factor for stage III-IV uterine prolapse.Method: This research is an observational study with case control design. Forty four cases was included in this study. Twenty-two cases of III-IV degree uterine prolapse as study group and another 22 non-prolapse cases as a control group. This research was carried out in Sanglah General Hospital and Patobiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UNUD. Samples were taken from the sacrouterine ligament of grade III-IV uterine prolapse patients and uterine non-prolapse patients, that had been performed total hysterectomy.Result: The results showed that high tenascin-C expression was a risk factor for stage III - IV uterine prolapse by 5.9 times (OR = 5.9; IK 95% = 1.59-22.32; p = 0.006).Conclusion: It can be concluded  that high expression of tenascin-C in the sacrouterine ligament is a risk factor of III-IV degree uterine prolapse.  Latar Belakang: Prolaps uterus adalah turunnya uterus ke dalam liang vagina atau keluar liang vagina sebagai akibat gagalnya ligmentum penyokong dasar panggul. Prolaps uterus memiliki faktor risiko yang bersifat multifaktorial, namun pada setiap  kasus prolaps uterus, selalu ditemukan kelemahan pada jaringan penyangga dasar panggul, termasuk ligamentum sakrouterina. Trauma langsung pada jalan lahir yang mengakibatkan kerusakan dan kelemahan otot levaor ani sehingga mengakibatkan ligamentum sakrouterina meregang untuk mempertahankan uterus dalam posisi normal. Struktur utama ligamen sakrouterina terdiri dari sel dan matriks ekstraseluler seperti kolagen, elastin, glikoprotein (fibronectin, tenascin, link protein, fibromodulin ) dan proteoglikan (agrecan, versican, biglican, dan perlecan). Tenascin merupakan suatu glikoprotein oligomerik utama yang terdapat pada matriks ekstraseluler. Tenascin memiliki peranan penting tidak hanya pada masa perkembangan tetapi juga saat terjadi kondisi patologis pada usia dewasa  seperti cedera jaringan dan tumorigenesis. Berdasarkan penelitian saat ini,  dikenal empat kelompok tenascin yaitu : tenascin-C, tenascin-R, tenascin-X, tenascin-Y dan tenascin-W. Apabila terjadi gangguan dalam ekspresi tenascin-C pada ligamentum sakrouterina akan menyebabkan terjadinya prolaps uterus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan ekspresi tenascin-C yang tinggi pada ligamentum sakrouterina sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan observasional dengan kasus kontrol. Terdapat  22 kasus prolaps uterus derajat III-IV sebagai kelompok kasus dan 22 kasus non prolaps sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dikerjakan di RSUP Sanglah dan Laboratorium Patobiologi FKH UNUD. Sampel diambil dari ligamentum sakrouterina pasien prolaps uterus derajat III-IV dan  non-prolaps uterus yang telah dilakukan histerektomi total.Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ekspresi tenacin-C yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III - IV sebesar 5,9 kali (OR =5,9; IK 95% =1,59-22,32; p =0,006).Simpulan: Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekspresi tenascin-C yang tinggi pada ligamentum sakrouterina sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV.
Ekspresi sel fibroblas yang rendah pada ligamentum sakrouterina sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia Yosevangelika Hutabarat; I Wayan Megadhana; Ketut Suwiyoga; Nyoman Mantik Astawa; Arthawan Arthawan
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): (Available online: 1 August 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (283.008 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v11i2.793

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine prolapse is the fall of the uterus into the vaginal due to the failure of the pelvic floor supporting ligaments. Uterine prolapse has multifactorial risk factors, but in every case of uterine prolapse, weakness in the pelvic floor, including the sacrouterine ligament, is always found. The strength of the sacrouterine ligament is determined by fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts are the most cells making up the ligament, where the ligament is a connective tissue consisting of most collagen fibers that provide a structure with high tensile strength. Women with POP have a picture of changes that occur in the supporting tissues, where the extracellular matrix plays an important role because of accelerated remodeling in POP patients caused by biochemical changes in extracellular matrix such as collagen, elastin and stromal cells. Myofibroblasts play an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling and its regulation by matrix cell regulators such as metalloprotease (MMP) matrix, transformation growth factor (TGF) -β, and thrombospondin (TSP)-1. The purpose of this study was to prove the low expression of fibroblast cells in the sacrouterine ligament as a risk factor for stage III-IV uterine prolapse.Method: This study was an observational design with case control. There were 22 cases of grade III-IV uterine prolapse as a group of cases and 22 cases of non-prolapse as a control group. This research was carried out at Sanglah General Hospital and the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana. Samples were taken from sacrouterine ligament of uterine prolapsed patients with stage III-IV and uterine non-prolapse who had performed total hysterectomy at Sanglah Hospital.Results: The results showed that low expression of fibroblasts became a risk 9 times higher of uterine prolapse grade III-IV compared to high level of fibroblast expressin (OR = 9.1; IK95% = 2.3-35.7; p = 0.001).Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that the low expression of fibroblasts in the sacrouterine ligament is a risk factor for stage III-IV uterine prolapse. Pendahuluan: Prolaps uterus adalah turunnya uterus ke dalam liang vagina atau keluar liang vagina sebagai akibat gagalnya ligamentum penyokong dasar panggul. Prolaps uterus memiliki faktor risiko yang bersifat multifaktorial, namun pada setiap kasus prolaps uterus, selalu ditemukan kelemahan pada jaringan penyangga dasar panggul, termasuk ligamentum sakrouterina. Kekuatan ligamentum sakrouterina ditentukan oleh fibroblas dan matriks ekstraselular. Fibroblas adalah sel terbanyak penyusun ligamentum, dimana ligamentum merupakan jaringan ikat yang terdiri dari sebagian besar serat kolagen yang menyediakan struktur dengan daya tarik yang tinggi. Wanita dengan POP memiliki gambaran perubahan yang terjadi pada jaringan penyokong, dimana matriks ekstraseluler memegang peranan penting karena akselerasi remodeling pada pasien POP yang disebabkan oleh perubahan biokimia pada matriks ekstraseluler seperti kolagen, elastin dan sel stromal. Miofibroblas berperan penting dalam remodeling matriks ekstraseluler dan pengaturannya oleh regulator sel matriks seperti matriks metalloprotease (MMP), transformation growth factor (TGF)-β, dan thrombospondin (TSP)-1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan ekspresi sel fibroblas yang rendah pada ligamentum sakrouterina sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan observasional dengan kasus kontrol. Terdapat 22 kasus prolaps uterus derajat III-IV sebagai kelompok kasus dan 22 kasus non prolaps sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dikerjakan di RSUP Sanglah dan Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu FK Universitas Udayana. Sampel diambil dari ligamentum sakrouterina pasien prolaps uterus derajat III-IV dan non-prolaps uterus yang telah dilakukan histerektomi total di RSUP Sanglah.Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ekspresi fibroblas yang rendah menjadi risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV sebesar 9 kali (OR=9,1; IK95%=2,3-35,7; p=0,001).Simpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekspresi fibroblas yang rendah pada ligamentum sakrouterina menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps uterus derajat III-IV.
Ekspresi reseptor vitamin D plasenta yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklampsia dengan gambaran berat I Gede Mahendra Adiguna Dira; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Wayan Artana Putra; I Gede Mega Putra; Ida Bagus Gede Fajar Manuaba; I Gde Sastra Winata; I Wayan Megadhana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1208

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is the cause of 10-15% of maternal deaths in Indonesia and occurs in about 2-10% of all pregnancies worldwide. The pathogenesis that underlies the occurrence of preeclampsia is not yet clearly known so that preeclampsia is referred to as a disease of theory. Nutritional factors such as vitamin D also play a role in the development of preeclampsia. This study aims to determine the relationship between vitamin D receptor expression as a risk factor for preeclampsia with severe features.Method: This study used a case-control design conducted in the maternity ward of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar from February to August 2020. A sample of 44 subjects was obtained and divided into case groups and control groups. Examination of vitamin D receptors using a central area placenta measuring 2x2 cm which was then examined semi-quantitatively at the Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University.Result: The results were analyzed using the chi square test. There was no significant difference in the characteristics of the two groups. There was a significant relationship between low VDR expression in the placenta and the incidence of preeclampsia with severe features (p-value 0.002; 95% CI 1.96-31.57; OR 7.88).Conclusion: Low VDR placenta expression in pregnant women increases the risk of preeclampsia with a severe picture of 7.88 times greater than high VDR expression. Pendahuluan: Preeklampsia menjadi penyebab 10-15% kematian maternal di Indonesia, dan terjadi pada sekitar 2-10% dari seluruh kehamilan di seluruh dunia. Patogenesis yang mendasari terjadinya preeklampsia sampai saat ini belum jelas diketahui sehingga preeklampsia disebut sebagai disease of theory. Faktor nutrisi seperti vitamin D juga memainkan peran dalam terjadinya preeklampsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan ekspresi reseptor vitamin D sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol yang dilakukan di Ruang Bersalin RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada Februari sampai Agustus 2020. Didapatkan sampel sebanyak 44 subyek dan dibagi kedalam kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol. Pemeriksaan reseptor vitamin D menggunakan plasenta area sentral ukuran 2x2 cm yang kemudian diperiksa secara semikuantitatif di Laboratorium Histologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana. Hasil dianalisa menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi VDR pada plasenta yang rendah terhadap kejadian preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat (p-value 0.002; IK 95% 1.96-31.57; OR 7.88).SimpulanEkspresi VDR plasenta yang rendah pada ibu hamil meningkatkan risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat sebesar 7,88 kali lebih besar dibandingkan ekspresi VDR tinggi.
Polimorfisme gen COL1A1 sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya prolaps organ panggul pada perempuan Bali, Indonesia Putra Agung Eka Aricandana; I Gede Mega Putra; I Wayan Megadhana; Anak Agung Ngurah Anantasika; Ida Bagus Gde Fajar Manuaba; I Gede Ngurah Harry Wijaya Surya
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1209

Abstract

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is still a common health problem in women, especially in the elderly female population. Pelvic organ prolapse is associated with a reduced quality of life for millions of women worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the COL1A1 rs 1800012 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse in Balinese women, Indonesia.Methods: This case-control observational study involved 60 Balinese women aged 30-70 years divided into 30 subjects with pelvic organ prolapse as a case group and 30 subjects with non-pelvic organ prolapse as a control group. Subject selection and clinical examination were carried out at the Reconstructive Urogynecology Polyclinic and Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic, Sanglah Central General Hospital Denpasar and Prima Medika General Hospital Denpasar. Three ml of blood sample was drawn and then put into a bottle containing EDTA for Polymerase Chain Reaction COL1A1 rs 180012 gene polymorphisms at the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions software version 21.0.Results: COL1A1 gene polymorphism was found in eight subjects in the case group and one subject in the control group. The results of bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the COL1A1 gene polymorphism and the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse (p = 0.011). The results of multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between COL1A1 gene polymorphisms and pelvic organ prolapse after controlling for controlled variables (parity status, occupation, BMI, age, menopause, and history of hysterectomy). Multivariate analysis showed adjusted odd ratio of 16.157 for the COL1A1 gene polymorphism (p = 0.021).Conclusion: COL1A1 gene polymorphism significantly increases the risk of pelvic organ prolapse in Balinese women.  Pendahuluan: Prolaps organ panggul (POP) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan umum pada perempuan, terutama pada populasi wanita lanjut usia. Prolaps organ panggul berkaitan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup dari jutaan wanita di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran polimorfisme gen COL1A1 rs 1800012 sebagai faktor risiko kejadian prolaps organ panggul pada perempuan Bali, Indonesia.Metode: Studi observasional kasus kontrol ini melibatkan 60 orang perempuan Bali berusia 30-70 tahun yang terdiri dari 30 orang dengan diagnosis prolaps organ panggul sebagai kelompok kasus dan 30 orang dengan diagnosis non prolaps organ panggul sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pemilihan subjek dan pemeriksaan klinis dilakukan di Poliklinik Uroginekologi Rekonstruksi dan Poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar dan Rumah Sakit Umum Prima Medika Denpasar. Sampel darah diambil sebanyak 3 ml kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam botol yang berisi EDTA dan dilakukan pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction untuk polimorfisme gen COL1A1 rs 180012 di Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Statistical Product and Service Solutions versi 21.0.Hasil: Polimorfisme gen COL1A1 ditemukan pada 8 subjek pada kelompok kasus dan 1 subjek pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara polimorfisme gen COL1A1 dan kejadian prolaps organ panggul (p = 0,011). Hasil analisis multivariat memperjelas hubungan signifikan antara polimorfisme gen COL1A1 dan prolaps organ panggul setelah dikontrol dengan variabel terkendali (status paritas, pekerjaan, imt, umur, menopause, dan riwayat histerektomi). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adjusted odd ratio sebesar 16,157 untuk polimorfisme gen COL1A1 (p = 0,021).Simpulan: Polimorfisme gen COL1A1 secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya prolaps organ panggul pada perempuan Bali.
The beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) levels in the vaginal washing fluid as a predictor of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) Danny Aguswahyudi; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Ketut Surya Negara; I Wayan Megadhana; I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra; I Gusti Putu Mayun Mayura; Made Bagus Dwi Aryana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (301.252 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1216

Abstract

Background: Several biomarkers have been investigated as predictors of Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), but these biomarkers have not been applied in clinical practice due to their high cost and complexity. Beta-HCG is thought to be an easy, cost-effective and promising predictor of PROM in clinical practice. This study aims to determine the relationship between beta-hCG level in vaginal washing fluid with the PROM and the cut-off value of beta-hCG level in vaginal washing fluid in predicting the incidence of PROM.Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted in the Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, from May to July 2020. The subjects involved in this study are all pregnant women with gestational age ?24 weeks who came with complaints of vaginal discharge and were treated in the delivery room of the Emergency Ward, Sanglah General Hospital. The beta-HCG level was evaluated using the immunoassay method and the ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the beta-hCG level in vaginal washing cut-off point that can predict the incidence of PROM. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 for Windows.Results: Thirty-five subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in this study. The cut-off value of beta-hCG vaginal washing fluid to predict PROM obtained in this study was 118.1 mIU/ml with sensitivity of 95.83%, specificity of 81.81%, PPV of 92.00%, NPV of 90.00%, and accuracy of 91.43% (AUC: 0.947; 95%CI: 0.870-1.000; p<0.001).Conclusion: Beta-hCG level in the vagina washing fluid can be used as a fast and non-invasive predictor of PROM in pregnant women.
Kadar 25(OH)D dan rasio HDL-LDL serum yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat Leony Lim; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Wayan Artana Putra; Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma; I Gede Mega Putra; Anom Suardika; I Wayan Megadhana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.198 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1219

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a health problem because it contributes to high rates of maternal and baby morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still unknown, but vitamin D deficiency and low HDL-LDL serum ratio are thought to play an important role. Therefore, a study was conducted on low 25(OH)D serum level and low HDL-LDL serum ratio as risk factors for preeclampsia with severe features.Methods: This study has a case-control design, conducted at Obstetric and Gynecology emergency room at Sanglah Hospital from January 2020 to June 2020. Subjects were 44 pregnant women, consisting 22 normal pregnant women as controls and 22 pregnant women with preeclampsia with severe features as cases, selected by purposive consecutive sampling and analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: Preeclampsia with severe features was found 5 times higher in pregnant women with low 25(OH)D serum level than in normal pregnant women (OR = 4,91, CI 95% = 1,33-18,21, p = 0,014). Preeclampsia with severe features was found 8 times higher in pregnant women with low HDL-LDL serum ratio than in normal pregnant women (OR = 7,88, CI 95% = 1,96-31,57, p = 0,002).Conclusion: Low 25(OH)D serum level and low HDL-LDL serum ratio are risk factors for Preeclampsia with severe features. Pendahuluan: Preeklamsia merupakan masalah kesehatan karena berkontribusi terhadap tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan bayi. Patogenesis preeklamsia sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui secara pasti, namun kadar vitamin D dan rasio HDL–LDL serum yang rendah diduga berperan penting dalam mekanisme terjadinya preeklamsia. Penelitian kemudian dilakukan terhadap kadar 25(OH)D dan rasio HDL-LDL serum yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat.Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol (case control) yang dilakukan di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar mulai Januari 2020 sampai Juni 2020. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 44 orang ibu hamil, yang terdiri dari 22 ibu hamil normal sebagai kontrol dan 22 ibu hamil dengan preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat sebagai kasus, yang dipilih secara purposive consecutive sampling,  dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 21.Hasil: Risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat  adalah 5 kali lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum yang rendah dibandingkan ibu hamil normal (OR = 4,91, IK 95% = 1,33-18,21, p = 0,014). Risiko terjadinya preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat adalah 8 kali lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil dengan rasio HDL-LDL serum yang rendah dibandingkan ibu hamil normal (OR = 7,88, IK 95% = 1,96-31,57, p = 0,002).Simpulan : Kadar 25(OH)D dan rasio HDL-LDL serum yang rendah merupakan faktor risiko preeklamsia dengan gambaran berat.
Kadar heat shock protein 70 cairan amnion yang tinggi sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya ketuban pecah dini pada kehamilan aterm Ines Kurniaty Hartono; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Ketut Surya Negara; I Gede Mega Putra; Made Bagus Dwi Aryana; I Gde Sastra Winata; I Wayan Megadhana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.351 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1220

Abstract

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition that complicates labor with an unclear pathogenesis. HSP70 is thought to be involved in this pathogenesis process and the presence of HSP in the extracellular compartment reflects tissue damage and induces an immunologic response. Therefore, this study aimed to study the relationship between HSP70 levels in amniotic fluid and the incidence of PROM.Methods: This study used a case-control design in the ER delivery room and the laboratory of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Samples were taken from mothers who gave full term delivery in the emergency room at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar with mothers who gave birth at term with KPD as cases and mothers who gave full term delivery without KPD as controls. Data was taken from medical records and measured levels of HSP70 at the Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Laboratory. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and ROC test.Results: A total of 28 cases and 28 controls were recruited. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between cases and controls. The MannWhitney test found significant differences in the mean levels of HSP70, 11.58 (±8.16) ng/mL in controls and 17.15 (±6.51) ng/mL in cases, respectively. ROC analysis found an AUC of 0.737 with an optimal cutoff value of 12.5 ng/mL. An amniotic fluid HSP70 level of more than 12.5 ng/mL was associated with PROM with an OR of 17.33 (95% CI 3.43 - 87.70).Conclusion: High amniotic fluid HSP 70 level is a risk factor for PROM in term pregnancy.  Latar belakang: Ketuban pecah dini (KPD) merupakan suatu kondisi yang mempersulit persalinan dengan patogenesis yang belum jelas. HSP70 dianggap terlibat dalam proses patogenesis ini dan keberadaan HSP di kompartemen ekstraseluler mencerminkan kerusakan jaringan dan menginduksi respon imunologi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan kadar HSP70 dalam cairan ketuban dengan kejadian KPD.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol di ruang bersalin IGD dan Laboratorium RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Sampel diambil dari ibu yang bersalin cukup bulan di ruang bersalin IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dengan ibu yang melahirkan cukup bulan dengan KPD sebagai kasus dan ibu yang bersalin cukup bulan tanpa KPD sebagai kontrol. Data diambil dari rekam medis dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar HSP70 di Laboratorium RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji ROC.Hasil: Sebanyak 28 kasus dan 28 kontrol direkrut. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam karakteristik dasar antara kasus dan kontrol. Uji MannWhitney menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam tingkat rata-rata HSP70, masing-masing 11,58 (± 8,16) ng/mL pada kontrol dan 17,15 (± 6,51) ng/mL dalam kasus. Analisis ROC menemukan AUC 0,737 dengan nilai cutoff optimal 12,5 ng/mL. Tingkat HSP70 cairan ketuban lebih dari 12,5 ng/mL dikaitkan dengan PROM dengan OR 17,33 (95% CI 3,43 - 87,70).Simpulan: kadar HSP 70 cairan amnion yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya KPD pada kehamilan aterm.
Tingginya rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu sebagai faktor risiko persalinan preterm spontan Tjokorda Gde Agung Suwardewa; I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra; Anak Agung Gede Putra Wiradnyana; Made Bagus Dwi Aryana; I Gde Sastra Winata; I Wayan Megadhana; Daniel Hadinata Susanto
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): (Available Online : 1 April 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.161 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i1.1268

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm delivery is still a major problem in pregnancy and causes 70% of all perinatal deaths. The immaturity of the organ systems of preterm infants increases neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to term infants. The incidence of preterm delivery at Sanglah Hospital in 2015 was 285 cases out of 1198 births or 23.7%. Inflammation is thought to be the cause of 40% cases of preterm labor and as much as 70-80% of spontaneous preterm births has a significant relationship with the incidence of infection in the vagina and cervix. The physiological immune response to inflammation is characterized by an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. There is a controversy regarding the relationship between an increase of neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio in maternal serum and the threatened preterm delivery. This study aims to determine that a high neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio in maternal blood serum is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery. Method: This research was an analytic case control study with 56 samples, and divided into two groups, 28 preterm delivery samples as a case group and 28 preterm pregnancy samples as a control group. This research was conducted at the Obstetric and Gynecology Outpatient clinic as well as the delivery room at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in the period of November 2020 to April 2021. Result: Analysis results of this study found a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003) between the case and control groups. The group of patients with high maternal neutrophil to lymphocyte serum ratio had a chance of preterm labor 5.6 times higher compared to the group of patients with low maternal neutrophil to lymphocyte serum ratio (OR = 5.6; CI 95% = 1.74-18.42; p=0.003). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the high maternal neutrophils to lymphocytes serum ratio is a risk factor for 5.6 times the occurrence of spontaneous preterm labor.   Pendahuluan: Persalinan preterm masih menjadi masalah utama pada ibu hamil dan menyebabkan 70% dari seluruh kasus kematian perinatal. Imaturitas sistem organ tubuh bayi prematur meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal dibandingkan dengan bayi lahir cukup bulan. Angka kejadian persalinan preterm di RSUP Sanglah pada tahun 2015 sebesar 285 kasus dari 1198 kelahi­ran atau sebesar 23,7%. Inflamasi diduga sebagai penyebab dari 40% kasus persalinan preterm dan sebanyak 70-80% persalinan preterm spontan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian infeksi pada vagina dan serviks. Respon imun fisiologis terhadap inflamasi ditandai oleh peningkatan jumlah neutrofil yang beredar dan penurunan jumlah limfosit. Terdapat kontroversi hubungan antara peningkatan rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu dan ancaman persalinan preterm, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa tingginya rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu merupakan faktor risiko persalinan preterm spontan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 sampel, dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu 28 sampel persalinan preterm sebagai kelompok kasus dan 28 sampel kehamilan preterm sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi serta kamar bersalin IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode November 2020 hingga April 2021. Hasil: Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,003) antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Kelompok pasien dengan nilai rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu yang tinggi memiliki kemungkinan sebesar 5,6 kali mengalami persalinan preterm dibandingkan dengan kelompok pasien dengan rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu yang rendah (OR = 5,6, IK 95% = 1,74-18,42, p = 0,003). Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tingginya rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu merupakan faktor risiko 5,6 kali terjadinya persalinan preterm spontan.
Akurasi kadar serum Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) dalam menunjang diagnosis kanker ovarium: suatu uji diagnostik Putu Adi Sujana Putra; Ketut Suwiyoga; I Nyoman Gede Budiana; I Wayan Megadhana; I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra; I Made Darmayasa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): (In Press : 1 August 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.258 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i2.1361

Abstract

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors found in reproductive organs in vitro. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) protein is essential for the growth of ovarian cancer cells, a protein that maintains the survival of ovarian cancer cells, inhibits antiproliferative effects, and reverses the proapoptotic effect of elastase. This study aims to evaluate the role of SLPI in diagnosing ovarium cancer. Methods: The research was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar and the Prodia Laboratory. Sampling of this study has been carried out by previous researchers in research on the accuracy of serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 in diagnosing ovarian cancer. The research sample (intended sample) was women aged 18 years and over with ovarian tumors who came to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Data were analyzed using SPSS versi 22 for Windows. Results: The proportion of epithelial types was significantly higher in the ovarian cancer group. In ovarian cancer samples, the most samples were obtained at FIGO III Stage. Median CA125 levels, RMI scores, and SLPI levels were significantly higher in the group with ovarian cancer. The cut off value of serum SLPI used in this study was 54,000 pg/ml which was obtained from preliminary analysis on 26 training samples. Sensitivity: 78.3; specificity:66.7%; Positive predictive value: 78.3%; Negative predictive value: 66.7% Accuracy: 73.6%. Conclusion: In a diagnostic test study to assess the accuracy of SLPI serum in supporting the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, it was found that SLPI serum had good sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy values.   Latar Belakang: Kanker ovarium merupakan salah satu tumor ganas yang paling sering ditemukan pada organ reproduksi secara in vitro. Protein Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) sangat esensial untuk pertumbuhan sel kanker ovarium, protein yang menjaga kelangsungan hidup sel kanker ovarium, inhibisi efek antiproliferatif, dan membalikkan efek proapoptosis dari elastase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran SLPI dalam mendiagnosis kanker ovarium. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dan Laboratorium Prodia. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini sudah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya pada penelitian tentang akurasi kadar serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 dalam mendiagnosis kanker ovarium. Sampel penelitian (intended sample) adalah wanita berusia 18 tahun ke atas dengan tumor ovarium yang datang ke Poliklinik Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Hasil: Proporsi tipe epitelial secara signifikan lebih banyak pada kelompok kanker ovarium. Pada sampel kanker ovarium, didapatkan sampel paling banyak pada Stadium FIGO III. Median kadar CA125, skor RMI, dan kadar SLPI secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada kelompok dengan kanker ovarium. Nilai cut off serum SLPI yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 54.000 pg/ml yang didapatkan dari analisa pendahuluan pada 26 training sample Sensitivitas:78,3; spesifisitas:66,7%; Nilai prediksi positif: 78,3%; Nilai prediksi negatif: 66,7% Akurasi: 73,6%. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian uji diagnostik untuk menilai akurasi serum SLPI dalam menunjang diagnosis kanker ovarium didapatkan bahwa serum SLPI memiliki nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, PPV, NPV, dan akurasi yang baik.