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All Journal Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine Sinnun Maxillofacial Journal
Reiska Kumala Bakti
Faculty Of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Journal : Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)

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Presence of Klebsiella Pneumoniae on Black Hairy Tongue as Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Bakti, Reiska Kumala; Pradnyani , I Gusti Agung Sri; Subarnbhesaj, Ajiravudh; Radithia, Desiana
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v21i2.12176

Abstract

Introduction: Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition characterized by discoloration and elongation of filiform papillae. Although asymptomatic, it can trap microorganisms, potentially contributing to oral dysbiosis. The pathogenesis is still unclear, but smoking, drugs, alcohol, or excessive coffee/tea consumption trigger it. Diagnosis relies on history-taking, clinical assessment, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. This case report aims to show an interesting finding in the microbiological examination of black hairy tongue. Case: A 33-year-old male smoker and coffee drinker presented with black tongue discoloration. Any medication use and a history of systemic diseases are denied, but he had a habit of smoking, staying up late, and heavy coffee consumption. Case Management: Clinical assessment and microbiological swab analysis for bacterial and fungal identification were conducted. Microbiological examination revealed the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a colonizing opportunistic pathogen. Discussion: The patient reported no systemic diseases or medication use, with lifestyle factors identified as potential triggers. This case underscores the role of lifestyle factors and oral hygiene in the development of BHT and its association with microbial dysbiosis. Conclusion: The detection of K. pneumoniae emphasizes the need for microbial evaluation in persistent cases to prevent potential systemic effects.
Co-Authors Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati Bagus Soebadi Bagus Soebadi, Bagus Desiana Radithia, Desiana Dewi, Gremita Kusuma Diah Savitri Ernawati Fatma Yasmin Mahdani Mertaniasih, Ni Putu Made Ni Made Mertaniasih Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas Pasaribu, Togu Andrie Simon Pradnyani , I Gusti Agung Sri Pramitha, Selviana Rizky Pratiwi, Aulya Setyo Priyo Hadi Puspasari, Karlina Rajah, Karthiyayinee Alagir Subarnbhesaj, Ajiravudh