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Muslih Muslih
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Journal : Abdurrauf Law and Sharia

 1 
Implementasi Konsep Qath’i dan Dzanni dalam Jarimah Pencurian: Relevansi Hukuman Potong Tangan di Era Modern Setyawan, Rahmad; Muslih, Muslih
Abdurrauf Law and Sharia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Abdurrauf Law and Sharia
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/arlash.v1i2.82

Abstract

Abstract: The concepts of qath'i (definitive) and dzanni (speculative) in Islamic law continue to generate differing opinions among scholars of ushul fiqh in determining whether the texts of the Qur'an or Hadith are qath'i or dzanni. This paper aims to deconstruct the concepts of qath'i and dzanni and their implementation in the crime of theft. Methodologically, this research is a library study (library research) using a normative-textual approach. Data collection was conducted by reviewing various library sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, laws, journals, articles, books, works of scholars, and various references related to the issue being studied. The results indicate that the concepts of qath'i and dzanni, as utilized by classical scholars of ushul fiqh, are regarded as a final and commonly accepted understanding. However, with the progression of modern times, contemporary scholars of ushul fiqh have criticized and expressed concerns over the method of relying solely on textual sources without considering their essences. Therefore, the stipulation of hand-cutting punishment for theft, as described in the Qur'an or Hadith, should not be interpreted textually as a qath'i legal provision. The implementation of hand-cutting punishment in the modern era, when associated with the values and principles of the Qur'an known as maqasid al-Shariah, becomes less relevant. This means that the hand-cutting punishment is not the ultimate goal to be applied to thieves but rather an intermediary to achieve the objective of providing a warning and deterrence to prevent theft, as the meaning of 'hand' can also be interpreted as power, opportunity to steal, etc. Thus, the punishment for the thief can be modified according to the surrounding situation and conditions, such as imprisonment, fines, or removal from their position Keywords: Qath’i; Dzanni; Crime of Theft. Abstrak: Konsep qath’i dan dzanni dalam hukum Islam masih menimbulkan perbedaan pendapat di kalangan ulama ushul fikih untuk menetapkan nash al-Qur’an dan hadis apakah bersifat qath’i atau dzanni. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendekonstruksi konsep qath’i dan dzanni dan implementasinya dalam jarimah pencurian. Secara metodologi penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode pendekatan normatif-tekstual. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji berbagai literatur kepustakaan seperti al-Qur’an, hadis, undang-undang, jurnal, artikel, buku-buku, kitab-kitab karya ulama, dan berbagai sumber referensi yang berkaitan dengan isu yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep qath’i dan dzanni yang digunakan oleh ulama ushul fikih klasik dianggap sebagai suatu pemahaman umum yang final dan wajar digunakan. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern, ulama ushul fikih kontemporer mengajukan kritik dan menunjukkan kegelisahan terhadap metode yang hanya berpegang pada nash tanpa mempertimbangkan substansinya. Oleh karena itu ketentuan hukuman potong tangan bagi pelaku pencurian sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam al-Qur’an atau hadis tidak harus dimaknai secara tekstual sebagai ketentuan hukum yang bersifat qath’i. Pemberlakuan hukuman potong tangan di era modern, jika dikaitkan dengan nilai dan prinsip al-Qur’an yang dikenal dengan maqasid al-Syari’ah, maka menjadi kurang relevan. Artinya, hukuman potong tangan bukanlah tujuan akhir yang harus diterapkan bagi pelaku pencurian, melainkan sebagai perantara untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu memberikan peringatan dan efek jera agar tidak melakukan tindakan pencurian, karena makna tangan bisa saja diartikan sebagai kekuasaan, kesempatan untuk mencuri, dan lain-lain. Dengan demikian, hukuman bagi pelaku pencurian dapat dirubah sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi yang melingkupinya, seperti dipenjarakan, denda, atau pencopotan dari jabatannya.
Co-Authors Abdullah Firdaus Abdullah, Rizal Rahman Abdussalam Abdussalam Abi Senoprabowo Abu Hapsin Adha, Adinda Febriana Adinda Kurnia Putri Aditia Arief Firmanto Afida Nadzirotul Ummah Aghnia Meilana Putri Agus Winarno, Agus Agustin, Bustanil Ilmi Ahmad Sudirman Abbas Ahmad, Nur Cholis Ahyar Ahyar Ajib Susanto Akbar Habib, Akbar Akbarizan Akbarizan Akel Fernando Akhmad Sobarna Akmal Abdul Munir ALI MUQODDAS Ali, Irfdan Muiz Ali, Rabei Raad Alvian Ideastari, Nukat Alzami, Farrikh Anas Anas, Anas Andi Marwan Andi Setiawan Angga Erlando Ani Haryati Arief Soeleman, M Arif Mahdiana, Arif Asih Rohmani, Asih Atika Amelia Putri Aulya, Aisyah Safna Aziza, Azmirda Fatma Azoya, Azoya Budi, Setyo Cahyo, Tri Nur Candra Irawan Charisma, Muhammad Ryan Christy Atika Sari Danang Krismawan, Andi Darmawan, Andre Dedi Supriadi Dewi Nugrayani Dwi Puji Prabowo Dwi Puji Prabowo, Dwi Puji Dyahruri Sanjayasari Edi Faisal Edi Sugiarto Efendi, Nurlis Ekasanti, Anandita Eko Hari Rachmawanto Elkaf Rahmawan Pramudya Emyliana Listiowati Emyliana Listiowati, Emyliana Endang Hilmi Esa, Yuzine Fahmi Amiq Fahrudin Fahrudin Faqih, Achmad Faridi Faridi Fauziah, Arum Fikri Budiman Fikrian Syauqi Santoso Fikriyya, Nabela Firmansyah, Moch. Fahmi Fitriadi, Ren Gultom, Noris Hamdun, Kamal Hamidah, Amirotun Haqq, Muhammad Valiyyul Hastuti, Dewi Wisudyanti Budi Hawari , Abidzar Hermanto Hermanto Hisbullah Huda Ibrahim, Mohd Hairy Ifan Rizqa Ihya Ulumuddin, Dimas Irawan Imawan, Iswanda Irwan Hidayatullah, Irwan Isnandane , Laura Firda Jaenudin , Amran Jera, Almi Jufrizen Junaidi, Teuku Junilia, Elsy Kamalin, Muhammad Karis Widyatmoko Kasprijo, Kasprijo Khairil Anwar Khamadi Khamadi Khamadi Kiky Mentari Kinanty, Septyana Retno Krismansyah, Krismanyah Krismawan, Andi Danang Kurnia, Adinda L. Budi Handoko Lalang Erawan Lesmana, Muhammad Taufik Lilik Kartika Sari Lilik Kartika Sari, Lilik Kartika Luthfan, M. Aqil Maemunah , Maemunah Mardliyah, Muna Karimatal Martinouva, Rissa Afni Maya Sari Megantara, Rama Aria Milla Ahmadia Apologia Mirasari, Titi Muchamad Ishak Muhamad Baedowi Muhammad Irfan Nasution Muhammad Kadafi Muliawan, Chandra Mulyani, Nisa utri Muthohharoh, Niswatun Nabela Fikriyya Nafsha Atika Putri Nisa', Khoirotin Noor Hasyim Norman Arie Prayogo, Norman Arie Novebri, Rizky Astri Novi Hendriyanto, Novi Nugraini, Siti Hadiati Nugrayani, Dewi Nuning Vita Hidayati Nurhindarto, Aris Nurjihan, Haniah Istiqomah Nurul Islamiyah PBL, Ashiva Jingga Perdana, Andre Pebrian Pernando, Akel Prawoto, Imam Putra, Firman Surya Putra, Rifky Raihady Danu Putri, Ananda Mutiara Putri, Atika Amelia Putri, Desta Fatma Putri, Nafsha Atika Qudsiyah, Nadhifatul Qurrotaa'yun, Nur Radiman Radiman Rafidah, Farah Raharja, Ferry Cahya Rahman Rahman Rahmawan P, Elkaf Raihan, Muhamad Ratnasari, Iis Rico Rian Alvian Rifqi, Arina Fadlilatar Rini Anggraeni Rismansa, Alya Tsabitah Riviani Riviani, Riviani Rizqy, Aditya Rochmawati, Lulur Romelah Romelah S.A.P., Rangga Sa’adillah Sanjaya, Riko Rahmadany Santoso, Fikrian Syauqi Saragih, Ivan Alghifari Sari, Fitra Amalia Sejati, Priska Trisna Septiyaningsih, Rina Sesilia Rani Samudra Setyawan, Rahmad Shofiyuddin, Ahmad Siraj, Taufik soedibya, petrus Soedibya, Petrus Hary Tjahja Soeleman, Arief Sri Marnani Suhaemin, Amin Suharnawi Suharnawi Sunarya, Fitri Rachmiati Supriyono Asfawi Surbakti, Dona Doni Syah, Moch. Fahmi Firman Syakuri, Hamdan Tohir Tohir, Tohir Tri Nur Cahyo Ubaidillah, Ibnu Ummah, Afida Nadzirotul Wibowo, Mahbub Fuad Widayanto, Imanuel Eka Widyatmoko Karis Wiyarsih, Nani Wulansari, Novia Wahyu Yahya, Reza Yasrin Musthafa Bachri Yogi Atma Satria Yundari, Yundari Zaenal Arifin Zam Ani, Ahmad Faisal