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All Journal Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Jurnal Biologi Udayana Bumi Lestari BERKALA FISIKA BULETIN FISIKA Jurnal Keselamatan Radiasi dan Lingkungan Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Kappa Journal
Gusti Ngurah Sutapa
Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Other

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Measurement of CT Number Uniformity Value at Various X-ray Tube Current Settings in CT Scanning Ni Nyoman Ratini; Gusti Ngurah Sutapa; Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani; I Gde Antha Kasmawan; Anastasia Jessing Gamalita Mberato
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.8527

Abstract

Studies on the analysis of variations in CT number uniformity values for CT-Scan images has been conducted. This study aims to evaluate the image quality value by uses various tube currents (mAs) in Siemens merk water phantom irradiation to assess the value of image quality. A Siemens Somatom Scope CT-Scan with current variations of 180 mAs, 200 mAs, 220 mAs, 240 mAs, and 260 mAs was used. The image results were then anlyzed for quality through the CT number uniformity value test. Using a marker size of 12.56 cm2, the ROI method was applied at five different picture points: the center, 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock. For each current variation used in this study, 3 irradiation was carried out and 5 image slices were taken from each irradiation.This resulted of the analysis the CT number uniformity value was shown to be significantly reduced by the tube current strength (R2=0.9896, p-value<0.05), according to the research. The test showed that the uniformity CT number value decreased from 0.217 HU to 0.031 HU as the tube current strength was increased, bringing it closer to the reference value (0 HU). The consistency CT number values acquired in this study remain within the 2 HU tolerance limits established by BAPETEN.
Pengaruh Focus Film Distance (FFD) terhadap Nilai Uji Kolimasi pada Kolimator Pesawat Sinar-X Stasioner untuk Pemeriksaan Pasien Marcellino, Nathaniel; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Balik Sudarsana, I Wayan; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Paramarta, I. B. Alit; Kasmawan, I. G. Antha
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.28903

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the effect of Focus Film Distance (FFD) on the collimation test values of stationary X-ray unit collimators for patient examinations. This research aims to determine the extent to which FFD affects collimation test values. The FFD variations used were 90 cm, 95 cm, 100 cm, 105 cm, 110 cm, 115 cm, and 120 cm. There are three tests in the collimation test: illumination test, collimation field discrepancy with X-ray beam, and X-ray beam perpendicularity. The illumination test was conducted using a lux meter, which was then averaged per FFD. The resulting illumination values corresponding to the FFD variations were 425.25 lux, 381.55 lux, 343.90 lux, 311.80 lux, 283.50 lux, 259.45 lux, and 238.20 lux. These results conform to the inverse square law. For the collimation field discrepancy values |dX| and |dY|, corresponding to the FFD variations, the values were 0.68 and 0.62; 0.32 and 0.34; 0.02 and 0.02; 0.10 and 0.08; 0.18 and 0.20; 0.34 and 0.32; 0.48 and 0.50, respectively. The X-ray beam perpendicularity value remained constant for all FFD variations at 1.03º. The values obtained from the three tests comply with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1250/MENKES/SK/XII/2009 concerning Quality Control Guidelines for Radiodiagnostic Equipment.
Pengaruh Variasi Arus Tabung (mA) Terhadap Kualitas Citra Pada Pesawat Computed Tomography (CT) Scan di RSUD Bali Mandara Sintiya Biantari, I Dewa Ayu; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus; Sandi, I Nengah; Suardana, Putu; Tri Suandayani, Ni Komang; Setiawan, Hendra
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29378

Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan is one of the essential diagnostic tools in the medical field. CT scan image quality is represented by the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). This study was conducted to understand the effect of tube current variation on image quality in CT scan examinations. The CT scan parameters were set at an X-ray tube voltage of 120 kV, an exposure time of 1 second, and tube current variations of 100 mA, 200 mA, 300 mA, 400 mA, and 500 mA. From 25 image data obtained from scanning the Tos phantom on the CT scan, data were collected on the average signal intensity of the material, the average signal intensity of the background, and the standard deviation of the background signal intensity obtained from the Region of Interest (ROI) readings on each scanned phantom image. The Pearson correlation test results between tube current and SNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. Similarly, the Pearson correlation test results between tube current and CNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. These results indicate that for all phantom materials, the tube current value has a strong positive correlation with both SNR and CNR. The SNR and CNR values increase linearly with increasing tube current, suggesting that a higher tube current can improve CT scan image quality.  
Analysis of Radiation Dose Received by Radiation Workers With Physical and Biological Dosimeters in The Radiology Unit of Sanjiwani Hospital Mas Janudinata, Gde Ari; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Artawan, I Nengah; Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29539

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of radiation exposure on the health of radiation workers at RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar over the past five years. The evaluation was conducted through a physical approach, measuring radiation doses using Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD), and a biological approach by analyzing the total leukocyte count and its components, namely neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The results showed that the highest radiation dose was received by radiology specialists at 0.921 mSv, followed by medical physicists at 0.905 mSv, and radiographers at 0.894 mSv. This variation reflects differences in radiation exposure levels based on each profession's tasks and positions. Leukocyte and component analysis indicated that all values were within normal ranges. Although statistical tests showed significant differences in neutrophil levels between professions, overall radiation doses and leukocyte levels were within the safe limits set by PERKA BAPETEN No. 4 of 2013. The findings underline that radiation protection measures at RSUD Sanjiwani have been effective in minimizing health risks from radiation exposure. However, regular dose monitoring and health evaluations are necessary to ensure long-term protection for radiation workers.  
Analisis Variasi Gantry Terhadap Distribusi Dosis Radiasi Kanker Otak Dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Dali Sinaga, Ade Nisa; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Amelia, Cory; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Yuliara, Made; Antha Kasmawan, I Gde; Irhas, Rozi
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29557

Abstract

Penelitian mengenai Analisis Variasi Gantry Terhadap Distribusi Dosis Radiasi Kanker Otak Dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). dengan tujuan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah sudut gantry terhadap distribusi dosis pada kasus kanker otak berdasarkan nilai HI,CI pada target kanker serta dosis maksimum pada organ at risk (OAR) menggunakan teknik IMRT. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi jumlah sudut gantry 4, 5 dan 6 dengan menggunakan 30 sampel. Kemudian dilakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dengan uji t satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, distribusi dosis pada PTV dengan nilai HI dan CI untuk variasi jumlah sudut 4,5 dan 6 arah sudut gantry adalah 0,118 dan 0,986; 0,116 dan 0,975; 0,108 dan 0,974. Sedangkan distribusi dosis maksimum OAR pada variasi 4,5 dan 6 arah sudut gantry untuk brainstem 4886,55; 4921,47; 4731,23; Eye R 2676,35; 2830,16; 3123,83; Eye L 3226,19; 3268,59; 3162,92; nervus optikus R 2396,23; 2775,52; 2796,94, nervus optikus L, 2939,97; 2983,12; 2912,47; lens R 789,76; 709,76; 717,32; lens L 738,31; 775,33; 724,02; chiasma, 4153,40; 4460,04; 4020,70. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tidak terdapat perbedaan antara nilai hasil perhitungan distribusi dosis dengan nilai ketetapan dosis maksimum dalam Radiation Oncology A Question-Based Review. Hasil penelitin ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan lapangan 4 arah sudut gantry memiliki hasil distribusi PTV yang lebih baik dan waktu penyinaran yang lebih siangkat dibandingkan dengan perencanaan 5 dan 6 variasi jumlah arah sudut gantry.
Optimasi Slice Thickness dengan Nilai Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Citra MRI Genu Anastasia Victor, Agnes Maria Salvi; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Gunawan, A. A. Ngurah; Sandi, I Nengah; Rupiasih, Ni Nyoman; Simpen, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29591

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the effect of slice thickness variation on the quality of Genu MRI images. This study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Bali Mandara Hospital using primary data from Genu MRI examination results.The independent variable in this study is the variation of slice thickness values of 3, 5, and 7 mm. There were 30 patientsmeasured and the tissues analyzed were ligament, bone, fat, and noise as background using the ROI method and the segmentation results wereresults were taken at the mean value and standard deviation in the background. The difference in SNR and CNR values due to variations in slice thickness values can be tested using the Factorial Anova test. The results of this study obtained that there is an effect of slice thickness variation on SNR and CNR values that will have an impact on the quality of MRI Genu images. The greater the slice thickness value analyzed, the greater the SNR and CNR values produced and the better the image quality. In ligament tissue, the average SNR values of 3, 5 and 7 mm are 23.830; 36.594; and 50.524, respectively. In bone tissue, 191.352; 277.399, and 344.170 were obtained. In fat tissue, SNRs of 9,460, 292,022, and 367,463 were obtained. Changing the slice thickness will directly affect the SNR. It can be seen that the higher the slice thickness value given, the higher the SNR and CNR values for each tissue evaluated and the longer the scanning time required. In the slice thickness variation.
Radiation Dose Determination and Body Mass Index (BMI) Evaluation in Abdomen CT Scan Examination Patients Using the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) Method Prawistya Putra, I Made Gede Mas; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Putra Adnyana, I Gusti Agung; Simpen, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29592

Abstract

A study has been conducted on determining radiation doses and evaluating body mass index (BMI) in patients undergoing CT-Scan Abdomen examinations using the Size Specific Dose Estimate Method at the Bali Mandara Radiology Installation. One of the factors that influences the radiation dose received by patients is the Body Mass Index (BMI). The Size Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) method is used to assess radiation doses based on patient size, which is often associated with BMI. This study aims to determine the estimated radiation dose of each patient and evaluate the relationship between BMI and the dose received. This study used a CT-Scan brand SIEMENS SOMATOM PERSPECTIVE (serial number 78068). The population in this study were patients undergoing CT-Scan Abdomen examinations. The sample consisted of several BMI categories, namely thin, normal, overweight, and obese. The analysis was carried out using linear regression to measure the relationship between BMI and SSDE, as well as a one-way t-test to see the difference in the average SSDE value in each BMI category. The results showed that each increase in one BMI category caused an increase in SSDE values ​​of 1,566 mGy. The R² value of 98.56% indicated that the BMI category explained almost all of the variability in SSDE values. However, a one-way t-test statistic showed that there was no significant difference in the average SSDE values ​​in the thin, normal, overweight, and obese categories (F count <F table, so H₀ was accepted). This study showed that patients with higher BMI tended to receive higher radiation doses, but the differences between categories were not statistically significant.
Determination of Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) in Non-Contrast and Contrast Thorax CT Scan Examinations at Bali Mandara Regional Hospital Pramitha, Ni Luh Emy; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Suyanto, Hery; Baskoro, Winardi Tjahyo
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.10344

Abstract

A study has been conducted to determine the Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) in non-contrast and contrast chest CT scan examinations at Bali Mandara Hospital. The study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Bali Mandara Hospital using dose reports from non-contrast and contrast chest CT Scan examinations with data obtained including age, gender, kV, mAs, slice thick, time rotation, Pitch, as patient information and protocols used in the examination and dose information in the form of CTDIvol and DLP. This study aims to determine the local DRL value against the national DRL value. The method used to determine the DRL value in this study is by collecting data in the form of recording and documenting the dose report of CT Scan examination patients, with the data for each examination being as many as 30. From the recorded data, the CTDIvol and DLP values are used to find the DRL value by sorting it from the smallest to the largest value and then calculating the 3rd quartile as a determinant of the local DRL. The interpolation method is also used to consider the position of the 3rd quartile so that it is at a decimal value. From the research results, the CTDIvol value for non-contrast thorax examination was 6.43 mGy, and the DLP value was 293.08 mGy.cm. Meanwhile, in contrast to the thorax examination, the CTDIvol value was 6.14 mGy, and the DLP value was 852.57 mGy.cm. Furthermore, a statistical analysis was carried out in the form of a one-way t-test using SPSS software, which was used to compare the DRL values of both CTDIvol and DLP non-contrast and contrast thorax examinations with the standard values set by BAPETEN 2021 as a reference used in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis with a one-way t-test, it can be seen that the DRL values for non-contrast thorax examinations (DRL CTDIvol and DLP) and contrast examinations (DRL CTDIvol) do not exceed the standards set by BAPETEN. However, in the contrast thorax CT Scan examination, the DRL DLP value exceeded the standard value set by BAPETEN, so dose optimization was needed by re-evaluating the protocol implemented at Bali Mandara Hospital.
Distribution of Radiation Doses Received by Organs at Risk in Cervical Cancer Using Intracavitary Brachytherapy Technique Anandika Putra, I Made Raditya; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Wibawa, I Made Satriya; Putra, I Ketut
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i2.29017

Abstract

A study entitled Distribution of Radiation Doses Received by Organs at Risk in Cervical Cancer Using Intracavitary Brachytherapy Technique has been conducted. The study was conducted at the Radiotherapy Sub-Installation of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital with the aim of determining the distribution of doses received by High Risk Clinical Target Volume (D2cc) and Organs at Risk (D90). Determining the distribution of doses received by High Risk Clinical Target Volume (D2cc) and Organs at Risk (D90) in cervical cancer patients is still within the recommended limits in ICRU Report 89. This study used ionizing radiation by inserting radioactive cobalt-60 using internal radiotherapy techniques, namely intracavitary brachytherapy. Before the irradiation process is carried out, there is a planning stage or Treatment Planning System (TPS). The reference for this research standard is for HRCTV of 95% -107% and for OAR bladder ≤80% rectum ≤75%. The average percentage of dose distribution received by HRCTV was 104.2% which is equivalent to 7.2 Gy which is still within the range of 95%- 107%, in the bladder it was 69.4% which is equivalent to 5.Gy which is still below the value ≤80%, and in the rectum it was 57% which is equivalent to 4.1 Gy which is still below the value ≤75%. The dose distribution value in HRCTV and OAR was still within the tolerance limit listed in the recommended value in GEC-ESTRO-ABS, and ICRU Report 89.
Co-Authors A. A. Ngurah Gunawan Ade Rama Ditya Arsana Karang Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus Anandika Putra, I Made Raditya Anastasia Jessing Gamalita Mberato Anastasia Victor, Agnes Maria Salvi Artawan, I Nengah Aulia Nur Aisah Ayu Ratnawati, I Gusti Agung Balik Sudarsana Balik Sudarsana, I Wayan Baskoro, Winardi Tjahyo Choirul Anam AM Diponegoro Cory Amelia Dali Sinaga, Ade Nisa Djarwani Soejoko Eka Saputra Elshaday S.B Siregar Farah Sukmana Gunawan, A. A. Ngurah Hanzani, Asril Hendra Setiawan Hery Suyanto I G. A. Widagda I Gde Antha Asmawan I Gde Antha Asmawan I Gde Antha Kasmawan I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati I Gusti Agung Ngurah Ari Kusuma Putra I Ketut Putra I Ketut Putra I Ketut putra, I Ketut I Komang Widiana I Made Hendra Hadinata I Made Yuliara I Made Yuliara I Nengah Sandi I Nengah Simpen I Nyoman Paranditayana I Nyoman Pranditayana I Nyoman Yosua I Putu Surya Dharma Negara I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Balik Sudarsana I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Suarya I Wayan Supardi I. M. Yuliara I. M. Yuliara I.M. Yuliara Ida Ayu Putu Aristia Hutami Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus Alit Paramartha Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Bagus Putu Priastana Bawa Ida Bagus Suryatika Irhas, Rozi Kadek Miniati Kadek Sumaja Kadek Yuda Astina Kasmawan, I. G. Antha Komang Ngurah Suarbawa M. Zully Amrul Hadi Made Sumadiyasa Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus Maghfirottul Iffah Marcellino, Nathaniel Mas Janudinata, Gde Ari Mega Wahyu Muhammad Mada Ramadan Purnama N. L. P. Trisnawati Nabilla Fatimah NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI Ni Kadek Ayu Asari Dewi Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani Ni Komang Tri Suandayani Ni Komang Tri Suandayani Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati Ni Luh Putu Trisnawati NI LUH WIDYASARI Ni Made Purmita Sari Ni Nyoman Rupiasih Ni Nyoman, Ratini Ni Putu Aprillia Artanti Phalosa Ni Putu Pande Anita Yulianti Ni Putu Winiayu Veramika Ni Putu Yuni Nurmalasari Ni Wayan Ekayani Nurfaizah Nurfaizah Nurmalasari, Ni Putu Yuni Nyoman Wendri Paramarta, I. B. Alit Pascalia Agno Marina Huki Poniman, S. Prameswari, Else Putri Ayu Pramitha, Ni Luh Emy Pranditayana, I Nyoman Prawistya Putra, I Made Gede Mas Putra Adnyana, I Gusti Agung Putu Gede Agus Krisna Yogantara Retianingsih Oeta Ulan Romadhon Ilham Imani Rozi Irhas Rozi Irhas Rozi Irhas Rozi Irhas Rozy Irhaz Sanjaya Natadiredja Satriya Wibawa, I Made Setiono, Made Budi Silalahi, Johanes J. Sintiya Biantari, I Dewa Ayu Suandayani, Ni Komang Tri Sudarsan, I Wayan Balik Sudarsana, Wayan Balik Sukarasa, I Ketut Sylvia Ariska Susanti Titik Purwanti Tri Suandayani, Ni Komang Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu Venesia Sesilia Br Ginting Wayan Balik Sudarsana Wayan Balik Sudarsana Widya Karulina Imanda Muhamad Winardi Tjahyo Baskoro Winer Johan Bora Yohana Dian Savitri Yuli Asri Yuliara, I Made Yuliara, Made