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Tarmizi Tarmizi
Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Sumatera Utara
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Journal : Lex Publica

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Force Majeure and Credit Restructuring: A Doctrinal Perspective on the Resolution of Non-Performing Loans Caused by Natural Disasters Tarmizi, Tarmizi; Dewi, Atika Sandra
Lex Publica Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.12.2.2025.326

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal relationship between force majeure and credit restructuring in Indonesia, particularly in addressing non-performing loans (NPLs) caused by natural disasters. It examines how force majeure is applied in credit agreements and how credit restructuring serves as a legal and financial mechanism to manage disaster-related credit distress. Using a doctrinal legal approach, the study reviews statutory provisions, banking regulations, and relevant literature, including Articles 1244 and 1245 of the Indonesian Civil Code and OJK Regulation No. 40/POJK.03/2019. The findings indicate that although Indonesian law recognizes natural disasters as potential force majeure events, their application in credit agreements is not automatic. Debtors must prove a direct causal link between the disaster and their inability to perform contractual obligations, which often leads to legal uncertainty and inconsistent interpretation. At the same time, credit restructuring, through rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring, provides a more practical response to financial distress. However, it operates separately from the force majeure doctrine, resulting in limited legal integration. The study also highlights that credit restructuring thus plays a dual role: supporting financial system stability and contributing to socio-economic recovery, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises.
Co-Authors A Halim Abda Abda Abdul Hamid Abdul Haris Adrian, Fahri Adriman, Ramzi Agustiawan, Agustiawan Ahmad Fauzan Lubis Ahmad Syuhada Ainal Hadi Akhmad Syarif Akhyar Akhyar Al-Huda, Nafisah Ali Okta Akbar Anwar, Thaibil Aqsa SH, Aidil Arifullah, Arifullah Asia, Asia Auzar, Auzar Bachtiar Bachtiar Benazir, Benazir Budhi Oktavia Damanik, Adlin Dewi, Atika Sandra Dhiniati, Fameira Edowinsyah, Edowinsyah Efendi Efendi Eldina Fatimah Erlina Erlina Fadhli, zul Faisal Faisal Fathoni, Muhammad Nur Fathurrahman Fathurrahman Faturrahman Firmansyah Firmansyah Firmansyah, J Guspatni Guspatni Gustika Sandra Habibah Habibah Hamzah, Ekawati Hanny Hafiar Hayu, Teuku Syaufi Hidayatika, Nur Khairina Ibrahim Ibrahim Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Ilham Fajri, Ilham Inayati, Ghina Indrawan, Riki Iqbal, Teuku Haris Ira Devi Sara Is, Muhazir Ismail Jaya, Alwi Jumra, Jumra Jusmaniar, Jusmaniar Khirnica, Khaira Kurniati Kurniati Kusbianto, Kusbianto Lubis, Ardiansyah Putra Lubis, Rakhmad Syafutra Lubisa, Ichsan Muhadis Luthfiansyah, Delvi Mahrani Mahdi Syukri Mansur, Jam'an Nurchotib Manutur Parulian Naibaho Mardhatillah, Inda Marlon Sihombing Marvita, Yurda Marwa, Marwa Miska*, Layna MMSI Irfan ,S. Kom Muhammad Arief Akbar Muhammad Fajri Muhammad Isya Muhammad Mizwar Muhammad Muhammad Muliandi, arief N. Nazaruddin Nawa Angkasa, Nawa Nugraha, Yudha Bakti Nuraini Nuraini Nurbismi, Nurbismi Nurchotib Mansur, Jam'an Nurmala, Eka Nurmuthaharah, Cut Nurul Husna Parasetiani, Anisa Pratama, Nadri Ramadhani, Rizky Chairunisya Ratna Mutia Aprilla Raudhah Awal Rizki Yunanda RUBIATUN, RUBIATUN Said Munzir Sakti Yadi Sandra, Gustika Sianturi, Kevin Daniel Sofyan M. Saleh Sri Sulistyowati Sri Wahyuni Suheri Sukendi Sukendi Sultan Sultan Supardi Supardi Supardin Suriadi Suriadi Susanna Susanna SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL Syahril Ahmad Syamsidik, Syamsidik Syamsul Bachri Takdib, Manajer Jurnal Tengku Erwinsyahbana Ulhak, Andika Zia Uswatun Hasanah Vike Itteridi Wahid, Robi Farid Abdurachman Wijaya, Firman Ode Yunida, Yunida Zahwa, Putri Zaini, Abdul Kudus Zein, Ikramullah Zuhri, M Zulfakar, Zulfakar Zya, Putroe Salsabilla