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All Journal Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan Jurnal Geografi : Media Informasi Pengembangan dan Profesi Kegeografian
Giarno
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Pengaruh ENSO Dan IOD Terhadap Curah Hujan Di Pesisir Dan Pegunungan: Studi Kasus Tanjung Priok, DKI Jakarta, Dan Puncak, Jawa Barat Aslama Afghani, Fadhli; Ravaella Lumbantobing, Glory; Christian Halawa, Jordana; Yehezkiel Sidauruk, Vasco; Giarno
Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Edisi Bulan Juli
Publisher : Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jgel.v9i2.17930

Abstract

As a tropical country, Indonesia has different rainfall distribution and characteristics, influenced by climate variability, including the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomena. This study aims to analyze the influence of ENSO and IOD on rainfall, temperature, and humidity in coastal and mountainous areas of Jabodetabek, using observational data from Tanjung Priok Maritime Meteorological Station and Citeko Meteorological Station for the period 1994-2023. The analysis was conducted seasonally using linear regression method to see the trend of climate parameters and Pearson correlation to measure the relationship between climate phenomena and meteorological parameters. The results showed that the ONI index as an indicator of ENSO was in the moderately strong to very strong category in coastal and mountainous areas. In the Positive IOD phase, the correlation with rainfall, temperature, and humidity shows a moderately strong to very strong influence, while in the Negative IOD phase, the impact is weaker. The study also revealed that the El Nino phenomenon tends to reduce rainfall and increase temperatures in coastal areas, while La Nina has more effect on increasing rainfall in mountainous areas. Overall, the ENSO and IOD phenomena have significant impacts on climate variability in these two regions, with differences in influence depending on the phase of each phenomenon.
Rainfall Extremes In Northern And Southern Central Java Coasts: Comparative Study Of ENSO And IOD Influences Imawan Mashuri; Muzakkie, Muhammad Labieb; Duo Rahman Abdilah; Salsabila Nurul Izzah; Giarno
Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Edisi Bulan Juli
Publisher : Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jgel.v9i2.17934

Abstract

The northern and southern coastal regions of Central Java frequently experience hydrometeorological disasters due to extreme rainfall. The relationship between extreme rainfall in these two areas is influenced by fluctuations in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study aims to compare the characteristics of extreme rainfall in the northern and southern coastal regions of Central Java in relation to ENSO and IOD phases. The analysis applies extreme rainfall indices (RX1D, RX5D, CDD, CWD) and Spearman-rank correlation to understand the influence of these climate phenomena and indices. The results show that RX1D and RX5D values are higher during La Niña and negative IOD phases, especially in the rainy season, while El Niño and positive IOD phases reduce their intensity. CWD is longer during La Niña, but positive IOD decreases the number of rainy days, particularly during the dry season. In contrast, CDD increases significantly during El Niño and positive IOD, which intensify dry conditions, especially along the southern coast. Spearman-rank correlations indicate a negative relationship between ENSO/IOD and RX1D, RX5D, and CWD, and a positive relationship with CDD, with stronger impacts during the dry season and second transitional period (SON), as well as varying characteristics between the two coasts. These findings underscore the necessity for adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to extreme rainfall characteristics, particularly when ENSO and IOD phases coincide, with stronger impacts observed along the southern coast.
The Quantifying the Relationship Between ENSO-Induced SST Anomalies and Rainfall Variability in East Java’s Coastal Regions Hasibuan, Muhammad Ansori; Shidiq, Ilham Abdullah; Asifin, Hasyid Agha Zuhairul; Sa’diyah, Qosinatus; Giarno
Jurnal Geografi : Media Informasi Pengembangan dan Profesi Kegeografian Vol. 21 No. 2 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jg.v21i2.16790

Abstract

El Nino and La Nina events affect the conditions of the rainy season and dry season, especially as a cause of flooding in coastal areas. The North Coast of Java is a coastal area that is prone to disasters due to the influence of sea level anomalies caused by the interaction of the sea and the atmosphere. The northern coast of East Java, which is directly adjacent to the coast, has a high level of vulnerability to tidal flooding or rob disasters. This study aims to examine the effect of the Nino 3.4 index on the El Nino and La Nina phases in influencing rainfall on the northern coast of East Java, especially in the areas of Tuban, Lamongan, Gresik, Surabaya City, Sidoarjo, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, and Situbondo. The method used is a correlation analysis between rainfall parameters and the Nino3.4 index to determine the relationship between parameters. The results of the study on La Nina, El Nino, and Neutral conditions have a negative relationship in almost all research locations with moderate to very low correlation values. This study provides an explanation of the relationship between rainfall and ENSO to flooding events on the northern coast of East Java.
Co-Authors Asifin, Hasyid Agha Zuhairul Aslama Afghani, Fadhli Christian Halawa, Jordana Duo Rahman Abdilah Hasibuan, Muhammad Ansori Imawan Mashuri Muzakkie, Muhammad Labieb Ravaella Lumbantobing, Glory Salsabila Nurul Izzah Sa’diyah, Qosinatus Shidiq, Ilham Abdullah Yehezkiel Sidauruk, Vasco