KAJIAN SISTEM PENANAMAN TUMPANGSARI KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) DI LAHAN DATARAN TINGGI RANCABALI, KABUPATEN BANDUNG - Nana Sutrisna; Suwalan Sastraatmadja; Iskandar Ishaq (Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 2005)
Assessment on intercropping system of potato was conducted during the dry season (May-September) in2001 in Alamendah village, Rancabali district, Bandung regency, with the altitude of 1,400 m above sea level.Randomized block design was used with three replications of five cropping system treatments, namely (1) potato; (2)potato + celery; (3) potato + welsh onion; (4) welsh onion; and (5) celery. The tested varieties were Granola forpotato, Papak Kuningan for welsh onion, and Bamby for celery. The plant spacing used for the two potato systemswere as follows: 70 cm x 30 cm monoculture, 70 cm x 50 cm for intercropping. The plant spacing of celery and welshonion both planted in intercropping and monoculture methods were each of 20 cm x 20 cm. The areas of all treatmentswere each of 60 m2 . Results of assessment showed that: (1) average plant heights of potato were not significantlydifferent between those intercropping systems of potato-celery and potato-welsh onion; (2) average number of shootsper plant and visually observed plant vigor of welsh onion and celery were greater for monoculture system than that ofintercropping; (3) yields of both potato intercropped with celery and welsh onion were lower than those ofmonoculture, but when yield of the intercropping was made equivalent to potato, the land productivity would begreater if intercropped with potato-celery or potato-welsh onion with highest land equivalent ratio (NKL) of more thanone and the highest land equivalent ratio obtained by potato + celery intercropping was 1.19; (4) intercropping systemof potato + celery was able to lessen attack intensity of thrips (44%) and Myzus persicae (55,6%); and (5)intercropping potato-celery was the most profitable with marginal return level of 81,45 percent.Key words: solanum tuberosum L., intercropping, highland, income, Bandung Pengkajian sistem penanaman tumpangsari kentang pada lahan dataran tinggi telah dilaksanakan di DusunCibodas, Desa Alamendah, Kecamatan Rancabali, Bandung pada musim kemarau (MK) 2001, mulai bulan Mei-September 2001. Lokasi penelitian berada pada ketinggian 1.400 m di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian menggunakanRancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan sistem penanaman dan tiga ulangan. Kelima perlakuantersebut terdiri dari: (1) kentang monokoltur, (2) tumpangsari kentang + seledri, (3) kentang + bawang daun, (4)bawang daun monokultur, dan (5) seledri monokultur. Varietas kentang yang digunakan adalah Granola, bawang daunvarietas Papak Kuningan, sedangkan seledri varietas Bemby. Jarak tanam kentang monokultur 70 x 30 cm, kentangtumpangsari 70 x 50 cm, sedangkan seledri dan bawang dan baik yang ditanam tumpangsari maupun monokultur 20 x20 cm. Luas plot masing-masing perlakuan 60 m2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tinggi tanaman kentangyang ditanam secara tumpangsari dengan bawang daun lebih tingi dari pada yang ditumpangsarikan dengan seledrinamun hampir sama dengan yang ditanam monokultur, (2) Jumlah tunas tanaman bawang daun maupun seledri lebihbanyak pada sistem monokultur dibandingkan dengan sistem tumpangsari, (3) Hasil kentang sistem penanamantumpangsari baik dengan seledri maupun bawang daun lebih rendah dari pada secara monokultur, namun jika hasiltanaman yang ditumpangsarikan disetarakan dengan kentang, maka produktivitas lahan lebih tinggi diperoleh dengansistem penanaman tumpangsari kentang seledri atau bawang daun di mana nilai kesetaraan lahan (NKL) > 1. NKLtertinggi diperoleh pada tumpangsari kentang + seledri, yaitu 1,19, (4) Tumpangsari kentang + seledri dapatmenurunkan serangan hama daun Trips sebesar 44 persen dan hama kutu daun Myzus persicae sebesar 55,6 persenpada tanaman kentang, dan (5) Sistem penananam tumpangsari kentang + seledri secara finansial palingmenguntungkan, dengan tingkat pengembalian marginal 81,45 persen.Kata kunci: kentang, tumpangsari, dataran tinggi, pendapatan, Bandung