RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE OVERCURRENT RELAY DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK INVERSE BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA LABORATORIUM SISTEM DAYA ELEKTRIK - Amrizal Karim Amrulloh; Hadi Suyono (Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB, 2018)
Overcurrent Relay (OCR) berfungsi memproteksi sistem kelistrikan pada jaringan instalasi dalam upaya mencegah kerusakan pada peralatan. Relay proteksi konvensional tipe static keduanya mempunyai banyak kekurangan dalam melindungi sistem tenaga listrik dan peralatan yang mendukung sistem. Penelitian ini, bertujuan: 1). merancang prototipe OCR dengan terdiri dari relay tipe elektromagnetik dan karakteristik inverse menggunakan sensor arus ACS-712 dan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560; 2) Memperoleh prototipe OCR dengan karakteristik inverse yang bekerja dalam kondisi baik, akurat, dan responsif. Kerja prototipe OCR dengan karakteristik inverse dianalisis melalui tiga pengujian, yaitu: 1). Arus Pick up dan Drop off, 2). Karakteristik normally inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse, long-time inverse, dan 3). Gangguan pada sistem dengan beban lebih.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1). Nilai pick up 0,5A, nilai drop off 0,49A sehingga nilai resetting ratio 0,98. Berdasarkan standar pedoman dan PT. PLN, relay dengan nilai resetting ratio 0,9-0,98 maka prototipe OCR dengan karakteristik inverse dinilai dalam keadaan baik; 2). Rata-rata kesalahan waktu trip prototipe OCR dengan karakteristik inverse meliputi normally inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse, dan long-time inverse; dengan rata-rata kesalahan berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 1,51%; 2,65%; 2,34%; dan 2,37%. Nilai 1,51%; 2,65%; 2,34%; dan 2,37%. Berdasarkan standar IEC 60255, nilai kesalahan waktu trip yang akurat adalah kurang dari 7,5%  atau prototipe OCR dinilai akurat;  3). Hasil pengujian gangguan beban lebih, menunjukkan bahwa arus gangguan (1,54-2,12A) semakin besar mengakibatan waktu trip (29,88-2,01s) semakin cepat, maka prototipe OCR dengan karakteristik inverse dinilai responsif. Kata kunci: prototipe overcurrent relay, OCR (Overcurrent Relay), karakteristik inverse, mikrokontroler Arduino   ABSTRACT Over Current Relay (OCR) to protect electrical system on the installation network to prevent equipment damage. Conventional protection relays consist of electromagnetic type and static type which has many-weaknesses in protecting power systems and equipment that support the system. This research, aimed at: 1). designing OCR prototype with inverse characteristic by using ACS-712 current sensor and Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller; 2). Obtaining OCR prototype with inverse characteristics that works good, accurate, and responsive. Performances of OCR prototype with inverse characteristics analyzed through three testing, namely: 1). Resetting ratio, 2). Characteristic of normally inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse, long-time inverse, and 3). Overload fault. The results showed three main results, there were: 1). The pick up value was 0.5A, drop off value was 0.49A, therefore the resetting ratio value was 0.98. Based on guidance standards and PT. PLN, relay with resetting ratio value 0.9-0.98 then OCR prototype with inverse characteristic was rated in good condition. 2). Average error of trip time in OCR prototype with inverse characteristics includes normally inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse, and long-time inverse; as follows: 1.51%; 2.65%; 2.34%; and 2.37%. Based on IEC 60255 standards, accurate trip time error values are below 7.5%, thus OCR prototypes are considered accurate. 3). The result of overload fault testing showed that when the fault current (1.54-2.12A) was getting bigger then trip time (29.88-2.01s) was getting faster too. This condition made OCR prototype with inverse characteristic was considered responsive. Keywords: overcurrent relay prototype, OCR (Overcurrent Relay), inverse characteristic, Arduino microcontroller