STATUS HUKUM KEGIATAN ASTEROID MINING DITINJAU DARI PRINSIP-PRINSIP DALAM OUTER SPACE TREATY 1967 - Nadia Putri Pratiwi (Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, 2018)
Nadia Putri Pratiwi, Dr. Adi Kusumaningrum, S.H, M.H., Nurdin S.H.,M..Hum., Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Email: nadyaharahap28@gmail.com   ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas dan menganalisis mengenai kegiatan Asteroid Mining yang sedang menjadi perdebatan mengenai status hukum dan tanggung jawab dari Negara yang melakukan. Dasar utama dari analisis dalam artikel ini adalah prinsip-prinsip dalam Outer Space Treaty 1967 yang menjadi Magna Charta dalam hukum ruang angkasa. Kekaburan pasal-pasal pada Outer Space Treaty 1967 menyebabkan masing-masing Negara melakukan interpretasi. Penulis mengangkat isu hukum tersebut dikarenakan kekaburan pengaturan mengenai kegiatan eksplorasi dan penggunaan ruang angkasa khususnya asteroid mining. Status hukum dari kegiatan asteroid mining menjadi perdebatan antar Negara yang menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam praktiknya. Berdasarkan hal-hal diatas, penelitian ini memuat rumusan masalah : (1) Bagaimana status hukum dari asteroid mining ditinjau dari prinsip-prinsip dalam Outer Space Treaty? (2) Bagaimana bentuk tanggung jawab dari negara dan perusahaan yang melakukan kegiatan asteroid mining ditinjau dari prinsip-prinsip dalam Outer Space Treaty?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penulis juga menggunakan teknik analisis bahan hukum berupa interpretasi gramatikal, interpretasi sistematis dan interpretasi sosiologis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode tersebut, penulis memperoleh jawaban bahwa asteroid mining tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip hukum dalam Outer Space Treaty khususnya prinsip kebebasan eksplorasi dan penggunaan ruang angkasa dan prinsip non-appropriation karena kepemilikan hanya ditujukan kepada sumber daya yang didapat bukan kepada asteroid atau celestial bodies lainnya, meskipun demikian, pengaturan kegiatan asteroid mining masih belum jelas dan spesifik. Tanggung jawab dari kegiatan asteroid mining dibebankan kepada the Launching State dan kerugian dapat dituntut melalui jalur diplomatik atau membentuk claim commission. Kata Kunci: status hukum, tanggung jawab negara, Outer Space Treaty, asteroid mining ABSTRACT This article discusses and analyzes the activities of Asteroid Mining that is being debated about the legal status and responsibilities of the State conducting the mining activity. The main basis of the analysis in this article is the principles in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty that became ‘Magna Charta’ in space law. The obscurity of the articles in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty causes each State to interpret. The authors raise the legal issue due to obscurity setting on exploration activities and use of space, especially asteroid mining. The legal status of asteroid mining activities is a debate between States that raises the pros and cons in practice. Based on the above matters, this study contains the problem formulation: (1) How is the legal status of asteroid mining viewed from the principles in Outer Space Treaty? (2) What is the responsibility of states and companies conducting asteroid mining activities in terms of principles in the Outer Space Treaty? This research uses normative juridical method with statute approach and conceptual approach. The authors also use legal material analysis techniques in the form of grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation and sociological interpretation. Based on the results of the research using the method, the authors obtained the answer that asteroid mining does not violate the principles of law in the Outer Space Treaty, especially the principle of freedom of exploration and use of space and the principle of non-appropriation because ownership is only directed to resources obtained not to asteroids or other celestial bodies, however, the setting of asteroid mining activities remains unclear and specific. The responsibility of the asteroid mining activity is charged to the Launching State and the loss can be prosecuted through diplomatic channels or establishing a claim commission. Keywords: legal status, state responsibility, Outer Space Treaty, asteroid mining