CROSS CULTURAL SKALA STIGMA TERKAIT HIV/AIDS PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN - Anita Kustanti; Yanri Wijayanti; Ibrahim Rahmat (Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI), 2016)
ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stigma dapat menyebabkan kegagalan atau keterlambatan dalam menangani ataumendiagnosis HIV dan AIDS. Salah satu visi UNAIDS ialah zero stigma. Perawat harus mampumemberikan pelayanan keperawatan bebas stigma dan diskriminasi. Isu nasional yang disarankan olehHPEQ (2012) kepada institusi penyelenggara pendidikan keperawatan 20 persen di antaranya tentangperawatan HIV/AIDS. Namun, terdapat keterbatasan alat ukur kuantitatif untuk mengkaji manifestasistigma terkait HIV/AIDS pada mahasiswa keperawatan. Tujuan: Melakukan pengembangan instrumendengan adaptasi cross cultural dan uji validasi skala stigma sesuai dengan budaya mahasiswa ProgramStudi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Instrumen ini merupakan adaptasi SHASS yangdikembangkan oleh Diaz dan Neilands (2009). Metode: Deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional,melibatkan 77 responden, dilakukan bulan Juli–September 2015. Uji validitas dengan product moment,uji reliabilitas dengan menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha. Hasil: 11 domain stigma HIV/AIDS yang terdiriatas 39 pertanyaan menunjukan valid dan reliable dengan nilai r >0,2 dan nilai alpha > 0,7. Diskusi:Pengembangan instrumen dengan adaptasi cross cultural mempunyai beberapa kelebihan; penelitimelakukan adaptasi dan modifi kasi dari instrumen yang sudah pernah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitassebelumnya di negara lain. Keterbatasan penelitian ini hanya melibatkan mahasiswa ilmu keperawatan.Kesimpulan: Skala stigma terkait HIV/AIDS adaptasi dari Spanish HIV Stigma Scale (SHASS) dapatdigunakan sebagai instrumen kuantitatif pada mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan.Kata Kunci: cross cultural, stigma HIV/AIDS, mahasiswa ilmu keperawatan.ABSTRACTBackground: Stigma can lead to failure or delay in handling or diagnosing HIV and AIDS. One visionsof UNAIDS is zero stigma. Nurses have to be able to provide stigma and discrimination-free nursingservices. HPEQ (2012) recommends that institutions of nursing education provide 20% of national issuesconcerning HIV/AIDS care. However, there are limitations on quantitative instruments to assess themanifestation of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in students nursing. Objectives: To develop an instrumentby employing cross-cultural adaptation and validity test for stigma scale in accordance with the cultureof students of Nursing Science Program, Universitas Gadjah Mada. This instrument is an adaptation ofSHASS developed by Diaz and Neilands (2009). Methods: This study employed descriptive method withcross sectional design. It involved 77 respondents and was conducted from July to September 2015. Thevalidity test employed product moment and the reliability test employed Cronbach’s Alpha. Results: 11domains of HIV/AIDS-related stigma, which consisted of 39 questions, indicated that the instrument wasvalid and reliable with an r value of >0.2 and an alpha value of>0.7. Discussion: The development of aninstrument by employing cross-cultural adaptation has several advantages; the researchers adapted toand modifi ed instruments of which their validity and reliability were previously tested in other countries.A limitation of this study is that it only involved students of nursing science. Conclusion: HIV/AIDSrelated stigma scale adapted from the Spanish HIV Stigma Scale (SHASS) can be used as a quantitativeinstrument in students of Nursing Science Program.Keywords: cross-cultural, HIV/AIDS-related stigma, students of nursing science.