PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION USING CaO/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS - I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra (CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry), 2017)
ABSTRAK: Biodisel adalah metil ester asam lemak yang dihasilkan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi antara minyak dan lemak dengan alkohol dalam kehadiran katalis. Dalam penelitian ini, pembuatan biodisel dari minyak jelantah dan metanol melalui reaksi transesterifikasi telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan katalis CaO/zeolit alam. Metode impregnasi basah dipilih untuk menyintesis katalis dengan cara mengaduk campuran zeolit alam dengan CaO dalam sistem refluks pada 90 oC selama 3 jam. Jumlah CaO terimpregnasi pada zeolit alam adalah 5%wt, 10%wt, dan 15%wt. Karakterisasi katalis menggunakan FTIR, XRD, dan N2 sorption analyzer menunjukkan bahwa katalis dengan 15%wt CaO yang terimpregnasi merupakan katalis yang paling baik. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam variasi rasio molar minyak:metanol, waktu reaksi, dan jumlah katalis. Analisis menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan biodisel didominasi oleh metil palmitat, dan metil oleat. Konversi biodisel tertinggi ditemukan pada kondisi rasio minyak:metanol yaitu 1:15, waktu reaksi 5 jam, dan katalis 5%wt. ABSTRACT: Biodiesel is fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced by transesterification reaction of oils and fats with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this work, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and methanol by transesterification reaction has been successfully conducted using CaO/natural zeolite catalysts. Wet impregnation method was choosen to synthesize the catalyst by stirring the mixture of natural zeolites and CaO in reflux apparatus at 90 oC for 3 hours. The amount of CaO impregnated into natural zeolite were 5%wt, 10%wt, and 15%wt. The catalysts characterization using FTIR, XRD, and N2 sorption analyzer showed that catalyst with 15%wt CaO impregnated into zeolites was the greatest one. Transesterification reaction was carried out in various oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of catalyst. GC-MS analysis confirmed that the biodiesel contents were dominated by methyl palmitate and methyl oleate. The highest biodiesel conversion was found under condition of 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio, 5 hours of reaction time, and 5%wt of catalyst.