Suhu dan Salinitas Permukaan Merupakan Indikator Upwelling Sebagai Respon Terhadap Angin Muson Tenggara di Perairan Bagian Utara Laut Sawu (Surface Temperature and Salinity are Indicators of Upwelling In Response to Southeast Moonson in the Savu Sea) - Simon Tubalawony; Edi Kusmanto; Muhadjirin Muhadjirin (ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 2012)
Laut Sawu merupakan bagian perairan Indonesia yang secara langsung berbatasan dengan Samudera Hindia. Di bagian utara, terutama perairan selatan Selat Flores, Selat Lamakera dan Selat Alor merupakan perairan dinamik dengan perubahan suhu dan salinitas permukaan yang signifikan pada musim angin muson tenggara. Dinamika perairan tersebut terutama di lapisan permukaan sangat dipengaruhi pola tiupan angin muson. Pada bulan Juni-Juli angin muson tenggara bertiup dengan kekuatan maksimum di sebagian wilayah Indonesia termasuk di bagian utara Laut Sawu. Tiupan angin tersebut menyebabkan pergerakan massa air permukaan cenderung bergerak ke arah barat. Keadaan tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya pengangkatan massa air lapisan dalam ke permukaan di bagian utara Laut Sawu. Suhu permukaan laut di laut Flores berkisar antara 27,45-27,79 oC dengan rerata 27,62±0,14 oC, sedangkan pada stasiun pengamatan di bagian selatan dan berhubungan langsung dengan Laut Sawu, suhu perairan berkisar 25,25-26,75 oC dengan rerata 25,90±0,43oC. Secara umum sebaran suhu pada lapisan permukaan laut pada kedalaman 0-5 m menunjukkan semakin ke selatan massa air permukaan laut semakin dingin. Pusat konsentrasi massa air dengan suhu terendah di selatan Selat Alor berkisar antara 25,25-25,89oC. Dinginnya massa air perairan bagian utara Laut Sawu mengindikasikan kemungkinan terjadi pengangkatan massa air dalam ke permukaan pada perairan tersebut.Kata kunci: Laut Sawu, upwelling, salinitas, suhu permukaan laut, termoklinSavu Sea waters are part of Indonesia waters which is located directly adjacent to Indian Ocean. The northern part of Savu Sea particularly in the south of Flores Strait, Lamakera Strait and the Strait of Alor waters are dynamic with changes in temperature and salinity of the surface which is significant at southeast monsoon season. The dynamics of these waters, especially in the surface layer is strongly influenced by the monsoon wind patterns. In June-July, the monsoon winds blowing from southeast with maximum strength in parts of Indonesia, including in the waters of the northern Sea Savu. The wind causes the movement of surface water masses tend to move westward. These circumstances would to bring deeper and colder waters to the surface layer in the northern part of Savu Sea. Sea surface temperature in the Flores Sea ranged from 27.45 to 27.79°C with a mean 27.62 ± 0.14°C, whereas the observation stations located in the south and deal directly with the Savu Sea, water temperatures in the range 25.25 to 26.75°C with a mean 25.90 ± 0.43°C. In general, the temperature distribution on the surface layer of the ocean at a depth of 0-5 m to the south indicates that the mass of sea water gets colder. Central mass concentration of water with the lowest temperature in the southern Strait of Alor range from 25.25 to 25.89°C. The cold waters of the northern part of the Savu Sea water mass indicates the possibility upwelling of water mass in the Savu waters.Key words: Savu sea, upwelling, salinity, sea surface temperature, thermocline