EFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PONTIANAK NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG PERUBAHAN KEDUA ATAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA P PERMOHONAN EKSEKUSI OLEH MANTAN ISTERI TERHADAP MANTAN SUAMI YANG TIDAK MELAKSANAKAN AMAR PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA PONTIANAK DALAM HALPEMEL - - A01108147, DIDIET YUNIARDI (Jurnal Hukum Prodi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Untan (Jurnal Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Hukum) Universitas Tanjungpura, 2016)
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan biaya hadhanah anak pada saat kedua orang tuanya telah bercerai di kota Pontianak. Dalam hal ini masih ada para mantan isteri yang tidak mengajukan permohonan eksekusi dalam hal suami tidak memenuhi nafkah sesuai dengan kewajiban hukumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh data dan informasi tentang pelaksanaan Putusan Pengadilan Agama dalam konteks kewajiban mantan suami memberikan biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anaknya, mengungkap faktor tidak dilaksanakannya putusan Pengadilan Agama oleh suami mengenai biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak, menjelaskan alasan tidak diajukannya permohonan eksekusi oleh mantan isteri terkait masalah pendidikan dan pemeliharaan anak yang dilalaikan pelaksanaannya oleh mantan suami, mengungkapkan upaya Pengadilan Agama Pontianak dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi terkait putusan Pengadilan Agama Pontianak tentang hadhanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan teknik komunikasi langsung dan teknik komunikasi tidak langsung (teknik wawancara dan teknik penyebaran angket). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 46 pasangan suami isteri yang telah diputus bercerai pada tahun 2014 (terhitung Januari â€“ Desember 2014). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah Pengadilan Agama Pontianak tidak pernah melaksanakan eksekusi dikarenakan tidak pernah diajukan upaya permohonan eksekusi oleh pihak mantan isteri kepada Pengadilan Agama Pontianak, pihak mantan suami tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya dalam hal biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak karena kecewa tidak mendapatkan hak asuh anak dan keterbatasan kemampuan ekonomi yang dialami oleh mantan suami sehingga tidak mampu untuk memberikan biaya nafkah bagi anak â€“ anaknya, para mantan isteri cenderung pasif dan tidak melakukan upaya hukum apapun baik mengajukan permohonan eksekusi atau melakukan gugatan apapun kepada mantan suami, hal ini dikarenakan, kurangnya pengetahuan para mantan isteri tentang adanya upaya yang dapat mereka tempuh, serta ketidakfahamannya tentang tatacara dalam mengajukan suatu permohonan eksekusi biaya hadhanah ke Pengadilan Agama. Â Permasalahan yang sering timbul dalam setiap rumah tangga biasanyaÂ  dikarenakan adanya masalah dalam perekonomian, perbedaan pendapat, keegoisan, perselingkuhan bahkan hingga terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, yang kemudian akan menyebabkan perselisihan dan keretakan dalam hubungan suami isteri atau mungkin dengan kerabatnya. Permasalahan â€“ permasalahan itulah yang disebut sebagai cobaan dalam perkawinan, dimana ada yang dapat diselesaikan secara baik, tetapi ada pula yang tidak sanggup mengatasinya hingga kemudian memutuskan untuk mengakhiri perkawinannya dengan melakukan perceraian. Perceraian merupakan jalan terakhir yang ditempuh oleh setiap pasangan suami isteri dalam menghadapi setiap kemelut rumah tangga. Untuk itu proses perceraian menjadi dipersulit, dan dalam Undang â€“ undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Hukum Islam dianjurkan jika masih ada jalan untuk menghindari perceraian, maka hindarilah. Terkecuali jika memang dianggap bahwa permasalahan yang terjadi, sudah menemui jalan buntu dan apabila diteruskan hanya menciptakan mudarat bagi kelangsungan pekawinan tersebut. Setiap perceraian meskipun dapat menciptakan efek positif terhadap para mantan suami dan mantan isteri, namun tidak dapat disangkalkan pula efek negatifnya yang akan timbul, terutama bagi pasangan yang sudah dikaruniai anak. Dampak negatif yang paling besar sudah tentu hanya akan dirasakan oleh anak â€“ anak keturunannya, yaitu berupa dampak terhadap perkembangan psikis anak, yang merasa kehilangan kelengkapan kasih sayang dari salah satu orangtuanya. Hal lain yang kemudian akan menjadi fokus penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah terkait biaya hidup (nafkah), pendidikan dan pemeliharaan terhadap kelangsungan hidup anak setelah terjadi perceraian antara ibu bapaknya. Dalam Pasal 45 Undang â€“ undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, jelas disebutkan bahwa kedua orang tua wajib memelihara dan mendidik anak â€“ anak mereka dengan sebaik â€“ baiknya, sampai anak itu kawin atau dapat berdiri sendiri, dan berlaku terus meskipun perkawinan antara kedua orang tua putus. Sehingga jelas terlihat dari Undang â€“ undang ini, suatu bentuk pernyataan bahwa Bapak dan Ibu mempunyai tanggung jawab yang sama untuk memelihara dan mendidik anak â€“ anakÂ  mereka. Â Sehubungan dengan masalah pemeliharaan anak (hadhanah), dalam hal pihak isteri sebagai penggugat dalam perkara perceraian, maka tuntutan atas biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak sebagai biaya nafkah dapat dimohonkan dalam surat gugatan. Karena jika tidak dimohonkan, maka hakim yang memeriksa dan akan memutuskan perkara perceraian tersebut, dalam amar putusannya tidak dapat menghukum tergugat (bapak) untuk menanggung biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak. Dalam prakteknya, yang sering terjadi terhadap putusan penetapan biaya pemeliharaan anak yang dibebankan kepada ayah, cenderung tidak dipatuhi oleh mantan suami ( Bapak ), bahkan sering dilalaikan pelaksanaannya, yang kemudian mempersulit kondisi dan menjadikan pihak ibu menanggung sendiri biaya hadhanah dalam menghidupi dan memelihara anak â€“ anaknya. Apabila terjadi hal yang demikian, maka pihak ibu atau anak dapat mengajukan gugatan pemenuhan kewajiban pemberian biaya pemeliharaan anak, berupa permohonan eksekusi kepada Ketua Pengadilan Agama yang memeriksa perkaranya dalam tingkat pertama, baik secara tertulis maupun lisan (Pasal 207 Rbg / 196 HIR). Akan tetapi, upaya permohonan eksekusi tersebut sering tidak di lakukan oleh pihak mantan isteri atau anak untuk menuntut hak mereka yang telah diabaikan pelaksanaannya oleh mantan suami (Bapak). Tidak dilakukannya upaya ini oleh mantan isteri atau anak, cenderung disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai prosedur â€“ prosedur yang harus ditempuh, atau dapat pula dikarenakan pihak isteri yang memang sudah tidak mau lagi berhubungan atau melakukan komunikasi sama sekali dengan pihak mantan suami. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di Pengadilan Agama Pontianak, pada umumnya setiap permohonan gugatan mantan isteri terhadap mantan suami perihal biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak ini, hampir seluruhnya dikabulkan oleh Majelis Hakim, dengan menghukum tergugat (Bapak) untuk menanggung biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak Â  Â  Keyword : Hadhanah, eksekusi, mantanÂ  isteri, mantan suami ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½span>tersebut dalam bentuk tulisan ilmiahÂ  (Skripsi) dengan judul : â€œEFEKTIFITAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PONTIANAK NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG PERUBAHAN KEDUA ATAS PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PONTIANAK NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KETERTIBAN UMUM DALAM KAITANNYA PADA ANAK â€“ANAK YANG BERJUALAN KORAN DI PERSIMPANGAN JALAN DI KOTA PONTIANAK Bertitik tolak dari uraian latar belakang penelitian di atas, maka yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: â€ Bagaimana keberadaan anak dibawah umur yang melakukan penjualan koran di persimpangan jalan di kota Pontianak dilihat dari Peraturan Daerah Kota Pontianak Nomor 1 Tahun 2010 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Daerah Kota Pontianak Nomor 3 Tahun 2004 Tentang Ketertiban Umum?â€ Bahwa masih ada anak dibawah umur Yang Berjualan Koran Di persimpangan jalan di Kota Pontianak yang melanggar ketertiban umum berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Pontianak Nomor 1 Tahun 2010 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Daerah Kota Pontianak Nomor 3 Tahun 2004 Tentang Ketertiban Umum Karena Faktor kurangnya perhatian dan tanggung jawab orang tuaÂ  Â  Kata kunci: Anak, Berjualan Koran dan Melanggar Ketertiban Umum