KESIAPAN PUSKESMAS PONED (PELAYANAN OBSTETRI NEONATAL EMERGENSI DASAR) DI LIMA REGIONAL INDONESIA - Mujiati, Mujiati; Lestary, Heny; Laelasari, Eva (Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2014)
AbstrakKesiapan peran Puskesmas sangat penting dalam mencapai target Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu,Kementerian Kesehatan RI menyediakan Puskesmas PONED, yang mampu memberikan pelayanan obstetrik neonatalemergensi dasar 24 jam, dengan tenaga terlatih, peralatan dan perbekalan yang memadai (termasuk di dalamnyaadalah alat kesehatan, obat, dan alat transportasi). Sumber data dari hasil Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan tahun 2011.Variabel tenaga kesehatan terlatih, pelayanan 24 jam, alat kesehatan dan obat serta alat transportasi dikelompokkanberdasarkan 5 regional (Sumatera, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, dan Indonesia Bagian Timur). Dari 1.446Puskesmas PONED, sebanyak 88,7% Puskesmas memberikan pelayanan 24 jam, melibatkan dokter 79,9%, bidan96,1%, dan perawat 32,8%. Dari 17 jenis obat dan 26 alat kesehatan (alkes) standar pelayanan PONED, rata-rata angkaketersediaan di Puskesmas PONED hanya 6,06 jenis obat dan 14,12 alkes PONED, sedangkan untuk angkakecukupan, rata-ratanya adalah 5,54 jenis obat dan 12,43 alkes PONED. Sebanyak 53,3% Puskesmas PONED memilikiPuskesmas Keliling, 43,0% memiliki ambulans, dan hanya 3,7% yang memiliki perahu bermotor. Berdasarkan limaregional di Indonesia, terdapat perbedaan kesiapan Puskesmas PONED dalam hal pelayanan 24 jam, tenaga kesehatanterlatih, obat dan alkes, serta alat transportasi. Namun secara keseluruhan, regional Jawa-Bali lebih siap dibandingkandengan regional lain. Perlu perhatian dan intervensi untuk meningkatkan kesiapan puskesmas PONED, terutamameningkatkan ketersediaan dan kecukupan alat dan obat PONED, melibatkan tenaga bidan dan perawat dalampelayanan PONED, serta menyediakan dan memfungsikan pusling dan ambulans untuk pelayanan PONED.Kata Kunci: PONED, pelayanan, tenaga kesehatan, alat, obat, transportasiAbstractRoles of primary health care center (HC) are very important to achieve Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) target inIndonesia. The Ministry of Health Indonesia provides Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmOC), in which the HC iscapable with appropriate facilities (trained personnel, equipment, logistics, drugs, and transportation) to carry out basicemergency maternity and 24-hours neonatal services. The data obtained from The Indonesian Health Facility Survey2011 (Rifaskes 2011). All variables were grouped based on 5 regions in Indonesia (Sumatera, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan,Sulawesi, and Eastern Region). There are 1,446 Basic Emergency Obstetrict Care (BEmOCs). As much as 1,283(88.7%) BEmOCs have been carrying out 24-hours service. Service in BEmOC has involved the doctors (79.9%), themidwives (96.1%), and the nurses (32.8%). As much as 53.3% of BEmOC have mobile health care, 43.0% haveambulance, and only 3.7% have motor boat. There are variations of 24-hours service, trained personnel, drugs,equipment, and transportation in BEmOC based on five regions in Indonesia. Java-Bali region is more preparedcompared to others. Attention and intervention are needed to improve availability and adequacy of equipment and drugs,involvement of nurse and midwife in BEmOC services, as well as providing of well functioned mobile health care andambulance.Keywords: BEmOC, trained personnel, service, drugs, equipment, transportation