KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT - MAHARANl HASANAH; . SUKARMAN; . SUPRIADI; M. JANUWATI; R. BALFAS (Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 2004)
Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, disease