DIVERSITY OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ORIGINATED FROM Centella asiatica (L.) Urban - Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih; Setiyani, Alfi Dwi; Radiastuti, Nani; Sofiana, Indah; Suryadi, Yadi (Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 2020)
Asiatic Pennyworth (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant known to be symbiotic with various types of endophytic fungi. There are extensively studied as a source of new bioactive compounds, including extracellular enzymes. This study aimed to characterize enzymes produced by 40 endophytic fungi from C. asiatica. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Bogor and the Microbiology Laboratory, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in February to April 2019. Seven enzymes screened were asparaginase, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, glucanase, and laccase on Potato Dextrose Agar enriched with a specific substrate. The results showed that the number and type of enzymes produced by the fungi varied.  Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp.MB11, Fusariumkeratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phomamultirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, and Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 produced the highest enzyme number, i.e., six types of enzymes.  Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 produced the highest index value for asparaginase (index 2.65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, and Phoma multirostrata MB16 for amylase (index 2.00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 for cellulase (index 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 for pectinase (index4.12); C. tabaci MB14 for protease (index 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 for glucanase (index 1.68); and Fusarium solani MM03 for laccase (index 0.22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 was superior because it produced the highest of 3 enzymes (asparaginase, amylase, and protease).  Further study is required to find optimal conditions for each enzyme production for industrial purposes.Keywords: Asiatic Pennyworth, extracellular enzyme, in vitro production Abstrak KERAGAMAN ENZIM EKSTRASELULER DIHASILKAN OLEH JAMUR ENDOFIT ASAL Centella asiatica (L.) UrbanTanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica) adalah tanaman obat yang dikenal bersimbiosis dengan berbagai jenis jamur endofit. Jamur endofit dipelajari secara ekstensif sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif baru, termasuk enzim ekstraseluler. Enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase digunakan dalam industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi beberapa produksi enzim dari 40 jamur endofit dari C. asiatica. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada bulan Februari hingga April 2019. Skrining enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase dilakukan pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar yang diperkaya dengan substrat tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan jenis enzim yang dihasilkan oleh jamur bervariasi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp. MB11, Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phoma multirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, dan Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 menghasilkan jumlah enzim tertinggi (6 jenis enzim). Berdasarkan enzim yang diproduksi (nilai indeks), Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 menghasilkan asparaginase tertinggi (indeks 2,65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, dan Phoma multirostrata MB16 untuk amilase (indeks 2,00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 untuk selulase (indeks 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 untuk pektinase (indeks 4.12); C. tabaci MB14 untuk protease (indeks 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 untuk glukanase (indeks 1,68); dan Fusarium solani MM03 untuk lakase (indeks 0,22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 merupakan isolat yang unggul penghasil 3 jenis enzim tertinggi (asparaginase, amilase, dan protease).  Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis secara kuantitatif produksi enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan dan prospeknya untuk keperluan industri.Kata kunci:  Enzim ekstraseluler, pegagan, produksi in vitro