ANALISIS PUTUSAN U.S DISTRICT COURT MICHIGAN TERKAIT FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION DITINJAU DARI KEWAJIBAN NEGARA DALAM PASAL 2 AYAT 1 CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 1984 (STUDI KASUS UNITED STATES V NAGARWALA) - Merarie Zahra Salsabila (Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, 2020)
Merarie Zahra Salsabila, Setyo Widagdo, A.A.A. Nanda Saraswati Fakultas Hukum Universitas BrawijayaJl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malangmerarie21@gmail.comAbstrak FGM Statute yang seharusnya menjadi instrumen melawan praktek FGM di Amerika Serikat (AS), dinyatakan tidak konstitusional oleh U.S. District Court dalam kasus United States v Nagarwala, meninggalkan pelaku FGM tidak dihukum setelah melaksanakan FGM pada anak perempuan dibawah umur. Dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan menelaah kasus serta konsep hukum yang ada, penulis menganalisa kesesuaian putusan dalam kasus Nagarwala dan akibatnya dengan Kewajiban Negara AS yang terdapat dalam Convention Against Torture sehubungan dengan kejahatan FGM. Sebagai Negara Peserta terhadap CAT, AS wajib memenuhi Kewajiban Negara yang tercantum dalam Pasal 2 Ayat 1 CAT yang kemudian dijabarkan dalam General Comment No.2, yakni untuk menghukum pelaku FGM. Karena CAT tidak bersifat self-executing, maka pengaturan FGM dalam CAT harus diinkorporasi oleh Amerika Serikat, yang telah dilakukan melalui dibentuknya FGM Statute. Dengan begitu, larangan FGM dan kewajiban menghukum FGM, selain telah dilindungi oleh CIL dan telah diinkorporasikan ke dalam hukum federal, menurut Nationalist Conception of International Law merupakan hukum bagi negara bagian, dan hal tersebut tidak bisa diabaikan oleh U.S. District Court yang menyatakan FGM Statute unconstitutional karena Commerce Clause, karena di satu sisi, AS memiliki Kewajiban Negara yang perlu dipenuhi.Kata Kunci: FGM, Nagarwala, CAT, Konsep Nasionalis Hukum Internasional, Hukum Kebiasaan InternasionalÂ AbstractFemale Genital Mutilation (hereinafter FGM) Statute that should serve as an instrument to be implemented to fight against the practice of FGM in the US is declared unconstitutional by the US District Court over the case involving United States versus Nagarwala. This has left the perpetrators unpunished after committing the crime to a young girl under age. By analysing based on statute approach and investigating the case based on the existing legal concept, this research is aimed to find out the relevance between the decision over this case and its impacts and the responsibility held by the US as mentioned in the Convention Against Torture (hereinafter CAT) governing the FGM. As a participating member of CAT, the US must fulfil the obligation as stipulated in Article 2 Paragraph 1 of CAT, which is further elaborated in General Comment No. 2 concerning the punishment imposed for the perpetrators of FGM. Since Cat is not self-executing, the regulation of FGM in Cat must be incorporated by the US through the establishment of the FGM statute. Therefore, the ban implemented by the FGM and the obligation to punish the perpetrators involved, apart from the condition that it is protected by CIL and incorporated to the federal law, Nationalist conception of International Law suggests that it is the law of other states. United States District Court, stating that FGM Statute is unconstitutional, must not overlook this since the US has the stateâ€™s obligation that the it has to fulfil.Keywords: FGM, Nagarwala, CAT, national concept of international law, customary international law