EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN INDONESIA: PENINGKATAN INVESTASI ASING DI SEKTOR KELISTRIKAN BERBASIS GREEN ENERGY - Muhammad Aziz Ali Mutia; Ayatun Nurjanah (Jurnal PPI Dunia, 2019)
Pemerintah telah merumuskan Kebijakan Energi Nasional (KEN) dengan fokus pengembangan energi baruterbarukan (EBT) untuk mengantisipasi habisnya sumber energi fosil di masa mendatang. Dalamimplementasinya, pemerintah menghadapi kendala baik dari segi anggaran maupun teknologi yang dimiliki.Pendanaan dari swasta terutama dalam bentuk Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) sangat diperlukan. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana daya tarik investasi di sektor kelistrikan berbasis EBT. Metode penelitianyang digunakan menitikberatkan pada studi literatur berupa analisis terhadap kebijakan pemerintah dalammenciptakan iklim investasi bidang green energy sektor kelistrikan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkanbahwa iklim investasi saat ini masih belum mampu mendorong implementasi green energy di Indonesia. Hal initerbukti dari skor RECAI Indonesia yang masih rendah (peringkat ke-36 dari 40 negara yang disurvei). Beberapakebijakan pemerintah telah mendukung iklim investasi di sektor green energy diantaranya terkait keterbukaankepemilikan modal asing hingga 100%, fasilitas tax allowance dan tax holiday untuk investasi di sektor greenenergy. Akan tetapi, terdapat pula beberapa kebijakan yang perlu dirumuskan kembali seperti kebijakanpenentuan harga beli produk energi kepada para investor dan kebijakan mekanisme bagi PengembangPembangkit Listrik (PPL) dengan sistem pemilihan langsung yang dinilai masih belum efisien sehingga menjadikendala pelaksanaan investasi di sektor green energi. Indonesian government has formulated a National Energy Grand Policy which is focused on renewableenergy/green energy development to anticipate the run-out of the finite reserve of fossil energy resources. Thereare two major challenges faced by the government on implementing this policy which are the advanced technologyrequired and the budget constraint. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) becomes a potential solution yet theperformance of FDI realization in green energy sector these past years is still under national target. The objectiveof this research was to analyse Indonesia’s investment attractiveness specifically on green energy-basedelectricity sector. The method used on this research was literature study focusing on the government policies thataffected Indonesia’s investment climate on that particular sector. Based on the analysis result, these policies ingeneral haven’t been able to elevate investment atrractiveness proven by Indonesia’s RECAI rank that is fairly low(the 36th out of total 40 assessed countries). Although the government has implemented several policies such as:liberation on foreign capital owners up to 100%, tax allowance and tax holiday for green energy sector, some otherfundamental policies i.e. the pricing formulation and the purchasing mechanism in fact are potentially harmful forthe investors. Moreover the frequently changed and, at some cases, lack of consistency, regulations often seenas a major barrier by investor specifically on the big scale investment.