Karakteristik Sifat Fisikokimia Pati Garut (Maranta arundinaceae) - Didah Nur Faridah; Dedi Fardiaz; Nuri Andarwulan; Titi Candra Sunarti (agriTECH, 2014)
The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of arrowroot starch. This research was conducted in two steps as follows: arrowroot starch extraction and characterization. A wet starch extraction method yielded 15.69% of arrowroot starch. The arrowroot starch contained starch of 98.10%, amylose 24.64%, amylopectin 75.36%, reducing sugar 4.94%, resistant starch 2.12% and in vitro starch digestibility of 84.35%. Proximate composition studies showed that the moisture content in the arrowroot starch sample is 11.48%, ash 0.34%, fat 0,68% and protein 0,24%. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) profile of arrowroot starch using Toyopearl HW-65S gel gave mainly two fractions. The distribution of degree of polimerization (DP) of amylopectin using fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis (FACE) indicated four groups of DP, i.e. DP 6-8. 9-12, 13-24 and 25-30. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that they consist of oval granules. The analysis by RVA showed that arrowroot starch had an A-type starch gelatinization profile. X-ray diffraction studies showed that all the arrowroot starch exhibited A-type diffractionpattern.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat fisikokimia pati garut. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap ekstraksi pati garut dan karakterisasi pati garut. Metode ekstraksi basah menghasilkan rendemen 15,69% pati garut. Pati garut mengandung kadar pati, amilosa, amilopektin, gula pereduksi, pati resisten dan daya cerna pati masing-masing sebesar 98,10%; 24,64%, 75,36%, 4,94%, 2,12% dan 84,35%. Analisis proksimat pati garut mengandung air 11,48%, abu 0,34%, lemak 0,68% dan protein 0,24%. Profil gel permeation chromatography (GPC) dengan menggunakan Toyopearl HW-65S diperoleh 2 fraksi. Distribusi panjang rantai amilopektin diukur dengan fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis (FACE) menunjukkan empat rentang derajat polimerisasi ( DP), yaitu DP 6-8. 9-12, 13-24 and 25-30. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mempelihatkan bahwa granula pati garut berbentuk oval. Pengujian Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA) menunjukkan pati garut memiliki profil gelatinisasi pati tipe A begitu pula hasil X-ray diffraction pati garut mempunyai kristalin tipe A.Kata kunci: Pati garut, GPC, FACE, RVA, X-ray diffraction, SEM