HUKUM DAN POLITIK DI CHINA (KAJIAN RELASI KEKUASAAN PARTAI TERHADAP PROFESI HUKUM) - Isharyanto Isharyanto (Arena Hukum, 2021)
AbstractThis article discusses the legal and political issues in the People's Republic of China by examining interactions between the legal profession which have a profound but undisputed impact on daily law enforcement and broader state-community relations. This doctrinal research uses conceptual approach. The results shows that since the late 1970s, China has experienced significant political, economic, social and cultural changes. The legal system had restoration but retained the character of state hostility towards this entity. Courts, prosecutors and the police are government apparatus controlled by the party as the highest authority in formulating and control policy. The lawyer's profession has been privatized, but with the lack in the legal education system, issues of attorney's capacity have surfaced. Lawyers are permitted to join professional associations, but party control remains strong. Critical and active lawyers are likely to have a wide-ranging impact in the future on the existence of judges, prosecutors and police, even including the party's authoritarians themselves.Â AbstrakTulisan ini membahas masalah hukum dan politik di Republik Rakyat China dengan menguji interaksi di antara profesi hukum yang memiliki dampak mendalam namun belum tergarap pada penegakan hukum sehari-hari dan hubungan negara-masyarakat yang lebih luas. Penelitian doktrinal ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Hasilnya, sejak akhir 1970-an, China telah mengalami perubahan politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya secara signifikan. Hukum mengalami restorasi tetapi mempertahankan watak permusuhan negara terhadap entitas ini. Pengadilan, kejaksaan, dan kepolisian merupakan aparatur pemerintah yang dikendalikan partai sebagai otoritas tertinggi perumus dan pengawas kebijakan. Profesi pengacara telah diprivitisasi, namun dengan kesenjangan sistem pendidikan hukum, persoalan kapasitas pengacara mengemuka. Pengacara diperbolehkan bergabung dalam perhimpunan profesi, namun kendali partai tetap kuat. Pengacara yang kritis dan aktif akan memberikan dampak luas di masa depan terhadap keberadaan para hakim, jaksa, dan polisi, bahkan termasuk kepada otoritarian partai itu sendiri.