KEBIJAKAN PENGENDALIAN HARGA SULTAN ALAUDDIN KHALJI DI INDIA - Hudaya, SEI., M.Si, fadli (Majalah Neraca, 2012)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan menjelaskan apa alasan pemberlakuan kebijakan pengendalian harga, bagaimana kebijakan itu dijalankan, dan apa dampak yang dihasilkan, dengan fokus kajian pada masa tokoh Sultan Alauddin Khalji di India tahun 1290-1320 M. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi tokoh dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan model analisis historis, maksudnya adalah menyelidiki, mendeskripsikan, dan melakukan pengkajian mendalam atas perilaku obyek, peneliti menguraikan secara sistematis yang dimulai dengan pengumpulan data, analisis data, pengecekan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa alasan Sultan Alauddin Khalji memberlakukan kebijakan pengendalian harga adalah untuk mempertahankan negara saat terjadi pemberontakan, kas negara kosong, harga bahan pokok mahal, birokrasi pemerintah berjalan tidak efektif dan efisien, serta serangan bangsa Mongol dari luar. Solusinya adalah mengembalikan pengaruh pemerintah dengan memperkuat angkatan perang, dengannya serangan bangsa Mongol dan pemberontak dapat dilumpuhkan, dan aturan negara dapat ditegakkan kembali. Tentara yang kuat dapat terwujud jika ekonomi negara kuat dan makmur, dan ini dapat diciptakan apabila harga bahan kebutuhan pokok dapat dikendalikan dengan kebijakan pengendalian harga. Kebijakan ini meliputi 5 langkah yaitu: melakukan penetapan harga bahan kebutuhan pokok, mendirikan lembaga pengawas pasar yang tugasnya diatur dalam sebuah sistem kontrol yang mewajibkan memberikan laporan langsung kepada sultan dari 3 sumber, mendirikan lumbung pangan milik pemerintah yang pengelolaannya diserahkan pada badang tertentu, menyediakan transportasi yang mengangkut barang dari petani ke gudang, dan dari gudang ke pasar, serta meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Dampak yang muncul dari sisi politik ialah negara mampu melakukan ekspansi wilayah ke negara tetangga dan menahan invasi bangsa Mongol, dari sisi ekonomi ialah terwujudkan kondisi negara yang damai dari pemberontakan, nyaman, dan harga bahan kebutuhan pokok dapat dijangkau oleh siapapun, serta dari sisi sosial ialah terwujudnya kondisi moral penduduk yang jauh dari judi, prostitusi, dan minuman keras. Â The goals of this research are to find out and to explain what are the reasons that price control policy was introduced, how was the price control policy worked, what are the impacts, and the focus of the research is in time of the regime of Sultan Alauddin Khalji in India on 1290-1320 A. D. The research is individual life history in qualitative approach, it was did by historical analysis, itâs mean to investigate, to describe, and to examine the object of the research in his behavior, the researcher would systematizes, it was began by collecting of informations to analysis, to confirm, to serve for, and to conclude from it. The out put of the research explains that the reasons of Sultan Alauddin Khalji introduced the price control policy are to make safe his state in the condition of rebellions, the empty of the government treasury, the price of the essential goods was so high, the administrative machinery works ineffective and inefficient, and the invasion of Mongol, the solution of these problems were to brought the government authority back by the strengthening of his army, which it makes the state safe from the invasions of Mongol and the rebellions, and raises the law back. The strong army could be created in the economic condition of the state had been stronger before, and it could be created if the price of the necessaries of live had been cheap that be controlled by the policy. The policies were 5 regulations, they were fixing the price of the necessaries of life, founding the department to control the markets and it works in one control system to report directly to Sultan from three resources of the information, building up the royal granaries that managed by a department, serving the caravans to bring the commodities from peasants to royal granaries, and from it to the markets, incrising the output of agricultural commodities. The impacts of this policy in the political side are to increase of the state Â ability for enlarging of the territory, to make the state safe from the rebellions and the invasion of Mongol, in the economic side are, the life of state was in peace and comfort, the necessaries of life became cheaper, and in the sociological side are, the moral conditions of the society was exemplary that did not live with wine, prostitutes, and gambling. This price control policy maybe would be exemplary for the states in the other side in the world. Â  Â  Â  Â Â Key words: The Price Control Policy, Sultan Alauddin Khalji, India