Respons pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap bioherbisida saliara di pembibitan awal - Vira Irma Sari; Apriandi Bintang Tambunan; Sylvia Madusari (Kultivasi, 2021)
AbstrakKeberadaan gulma pada pembibitan kelapa sawit dapat menurunkan kualitas bibit. Pengendalian gulma di pembibitan awal harus dilakukan secara dengan tangan (hand weeding), karena bibit dapat mati akibat aplikasi herbisida. Aplikasi bioherbisida saliara (Lantana camara) pada bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dapat menjadi alternatif pengendalian gulma yang ramah lingkungan dan mengurangi tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan 1 Politeknik CWE, pada November 2019 sampai Februari 2020. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan perlakuan: kontrol (tanpa aplikasi bioherbisida), Ekstrak Lantana camara 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Setiap perlakuan diulangi sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bioherbisida Lantana camara mengandung senyawa alelokimia yaitu Saponin (2,07%), Tanin (3,28%), dan Flavonoid (1,83%). Gulma Lantana camara dapat dijadikan bahan alternatif bioherbisida pra tumbuh karena berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya tumbuh gulma. Meskipun bioherbisida menurunkan tinggi bibit pada 3 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan diameter batang bibit pada 1 BST, namun bioherbisida tidak mempengaruhi jumlah daun, kehijauan daun, dan biomassa bibit. Bioherbisida Lantana camara dengan konsentrasi 1% menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam menekan laju pertumbuhan gulma.Kata Kunci: Bibit, Bioherbisida, Fisiologi, Gulma, Morfologi Abstract. The presence of weeds in oil palm nurseries can reduce the quality of the seedlings. Usually, mechanical weeding by hand is needed in pre-nursery because the use of chemical treatment caused the oil palm seeeling died. Bioherbicide application of Lantana camara to oil palm seedling (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) can be alternative weed control that is environmental friendly and reduces labor. This research conducted at Teaching Farm Politeknik CWE, from November 2019 to Februari 2020. Experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design, with treatments are Control (without bioherbicide application), Bioherbicide Lantana camara 1%, 2% and 3%. Every treatments was repeated three times. The results showed that Lantana camara bioherbicide contained allelochemical compounds, namely saponins (2.07%), tannins (3.28%), and flavonoids (1.83%). Lantana camara weed can be used as an alternative material for pre-growing herbicides because it has a significant effect on reduced weed population. Although bioherbicides decreased seedling height at 3 months after planting (MAP) and stem diameter at 1 MAP, bioherbicides did not affect leaf number, leaf greenness, and seedling biomass. Bioherbicide Lantana camara with concentration 1% showed the best treatment for controlling weeds in oil palm pre nursery.Keywords: Bioherbicide, Morphology, Physiology, Seedlings, Weed