Manifestasi Klinis Diare Akut pada Anak di RSU Provinsi NTB Mataram dan Korelasinya dengan Derajat Dehidrasi - Iskandar, William Jayadi; -, Sukardi (Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 2015)
Latar belakang: Diare merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada anak di seluruh dunia. Manifestasi klinis diare akut perlu diketahui agar tidak menjadi diare kronik. Sebanyak 329 kasus diare akut didapatkan di RSUP NTB Mataram pada tahun 2010. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi dan sebaran manifestasi klinis diare akut pada anak berdasarkan kelompok usia dan derajat dehidrasi serta korelasinya dengan derajat dehidrasi. Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 184 anak balita yang dirawat di RSUP NTB Mataram dengan kasus diare akut mulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2013. Hasil: Sebanyak 176 pasien dianalisis, sebagian besar laki-laki (56,8%), berusia 7-12 bulan (35,3%), tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif (56,2%), dan status gizi baik (85,8%). Jenis diare akut terbanyak adalah diare cair akut (97,2%), dengan median durasi 3 hari sebelum masuk RS, median frekuensi diare 6 kali/hari, dan median volume 50 mL setiap diare. Proporsi muntah, demam, dan kejang yang menyertai diare akut berturut-turut adalah 77,8%, 77,8%, dan 9,1%. Status dehidrasi terbanyak adalah dehidrasi ringan sedang (71,6%) dan median durasi rawat inap di RS adalah 4 hari. Korelasi lemah didapatkan antara status dehidrasi dengan kelompok usia (r = -0,149; p = 0,048) dan frekuensi diare (r = 0,170; p = 0,024). Diskusi: Prevalensi diare akut di RSUP NTB Mataram pada tahun 2013 adalah 19,74%. Kelompok usia terbanyak adalah usia 7-12 bulan dan derajat dehidrasi terbanyak adalah dehidrasi ringan sedang. Diare akut sering disertai muntah dan demam, namun jarang disertai kejang. Kelompok usia dan frekuensi diare berkorelasi dengan status dehidrasi pada anak.Introduction: Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea need to be known so as not to become chronic diarrhea. Previous study in 2010 found 329 acute diarrhea cases in NTB province hospital. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea in under-five children according to age group and dehydration status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 184 under-five children with acute diarrhea admitted to NTB province hospital since January until December 2013. Results: Sums of 176 patients were analyzed. Most are male (56.8%), age 7-12 months (35.3%), non-exclusively breastfed (56.2%), and well nourished (85.8%). Acute watery diarrhea was dominant (97.2%), and median duration of diarrhea was 3 days before admission, median frequency was 6 times/day, and median volume was 50 mL/episode. The proportion of accompanying vomiting, fever, and seizure respectively were 77.8%, 77.8%, and 9.1%. Most were accompanied by mild to moderate dehydration (71.6%) and median duration of admission was 4 days. Weak correlation was found between dehydration status and age (r = -0.149, p = 0.048), also with diarrhea frequency (r = 0.170, p = 0.024). Conclusion: The prevalence of acute diarrhea in NTB province hospital in 2013 was 19.74%. Most patients were in 7-12 month age-group and in mild to moderate dehydration. Vomiting and fever, and rarely seizure, often accompany acute diarrhea in children. Age group and diarrhea frequency correlate with dehydration status in children.