KETAHANAN DELAPAN KULTIVAR TEMBAKAU LOKAL BONDOWOSO TERHADAP TIGA PATOGEN PENTING (Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, DAN Phytophthora nicotianae) - TITIEK YULIANTI; NURUL HIDAYAH; SRI YULAIKAH (Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 2012)
ABSTRAKTembakau bondowoso merupakan tembakau lokal rajangan yangberkembang di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Saat ini ada delapankultivar dengan karakter produksi, mutu, dan ketahanannya terhadappenyakit yang berbeda. Layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), busukbatang berlubang (Pectobacterium carotovorum), dan lanas (Phytophthoranicotianae) merupakan penyakit yang sering menyebabkan turunnyaproduksi tembakau bondowoso. Evaluasi ketahanan delapan kultivartembakau bondowoso (Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, dan Deli) terhadapketiga patogen tersebut dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai bulan April sampaidengan Oktober 2011. Penelitian terhadap ketiga patogen tersebutdilakukan secara terpisah. Masing-masing kultivar ditanam sebanyak 10tanaman, 1 tanaman/polibag. Setiap perlakuan (kultivar) diulang 3 kali dandisusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Inokulasi R.solanacearum dan P. carotovorum dilakukan secara terpisah 24 jamsebelum transplanting. Inokulasi P. nicotianae dilakukan dengan dua cara,yaitu melalui akar dan pangkal batang. Inokulasi akar sama dengan carainokulasi bakteri. Inokulasi pangkal batang dilakukan pada tanamanberumur 2 minggu setelah transplanting. Pengamatan intensitas penyakitdilakukan setiap minggu selama 11 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis, dan Deli tahan terhadap P.carotovorum, R. solanacearum, dan P. nicotianae. Kultivar Samporis CH.,Samporis, dan Deli ketahanannya lebih tinggi terhadap ketiga patogen,dengan intensitas penyakit berkisar antara 3,3%-6,7%. Kultivar Marakotsangat rentan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dengan tingkat keparahan ≥50%. Demikian pula kultivar Samporis AH yang rentan terhadap R.solanacearum, P. nicotianae dan P. carotovorum dengan intensitaspenyakit 23,3-53,3%. Oleh karena itu, kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis,dan Deli cocok dikembangkan pada lahan endemik penyakit tular tanah diKabupaten Bondowoso.Kata kunci: tembakau  bondowoso, Pectobacterium  carotovorumPhytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,ketahananABSTRACTBondowoso tobacco is a local type of sliced tobacco which isrestrictedly cultivated in Bondowoso Regency, East Java. There are eightcultivars known, ie. Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, and Deli with their owndistinctive characters on their production, quality, and resistance todiseases. Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), hollow stalk rot(Pectobacterium carotovorum), and blackshank (Phytophthora nicotianaeare the main cause of bondowoso tobacco production loss. Evaluation onthe resistance level of the cultivars to the three pathogens above has beenconducted at a laboratory and screen house scale in Indonesian Sweetenerand Fibre Crops Research Institute from April to October 2011. Theevaluation of each pathogen was conducted separately. Each evaluation ofthe pathogen per cultivar used 10 plants planted individually in a polybag.The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3replicates. R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum were separatelyinoculated on the test plants 24 h before transplanting. The inoculation ofP. nicotianae was done twice via the root and stem. Disease intensity wasobserved weekly for 11 weeks. The results showed that Samporis CH,Samporis, and Deli cultivars were resistant to P. carotovorum, R.solanacearum and P. nicotianae, whereas Samporis and Deli cultivarswere more resistant to the pathogens (disease intensity ranged 3.3-6.7%).Marakot cultivar was very susceptible to all of the three pathogens (diseaseintensity ≥ 50%). Similarly, Samporis AH cultivar was also susceptible tothe pathogens with disease intensity ranged 23.3-53.3%. The studyindicated that Samporis CH, Samporis, and Deli cultivars are suitable to becultivated in the endemic soil born pathogen areas of BondowosoRegency.Key words: bondowoso  tobacco, Pectobacterium  carotovorum,Phytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,resistance