Gejala Otonom Tidak Spesifik pada Penderita Rabies di RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar - Putra Martin Widanta IGN; Susilawathi NM; Raka Sudewi AA (Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 2014)
Latar belakang: Manifestasi klinis rabies sangat bervariasi. Gejala otonom tidak spesifik ditemukan pada 2/3 kasus terutama pada stadium prodromal menyebabkan misdiagnosis yang memperlambat penanganan rabies. Tujuan: Mengetahui manifestasi gejala sistem saraf otonom tidak spesifik pada penderita rabies di RSUP Sanglah. Metodologi: Penelitian retrospektif dari bulan Januari 2009 – Desember 2010 di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Data diperoleh dari catatan medis penderita rabies. Hasil: Ditemukan 13 kasus rabies dengan manifestasi gejala otonom tidak spesifik, terdiri dari 8 kasus tipe galak (61,5%) dan 5 kasus tipe paralitik (38,5%). Pada stadium prodromal gejalanya adalah mual-muntah (38,5%), gangguan miksi (30,8 %), perut kembung (30,8%), nyeri uluhati/perut (15,4%), nyeri dada (15,4%), sesak nafas (53,8) dan diare (7,7%). Gejala sistem otonom pada stadium neurologi akut berupa gangguan miksi (inkontinensia dan retensio urine) (38,5%) dan distensi abdomen (30,8%). Pasien dirawat oleh bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam (69,2%), Ilmu Penyakit Anak (15,4%), Ilmu Penyakit Jantung (15,4%) antara 24 jam sampai 48 jam sebelum dikonsulkan ke bagian Ilmu Penyakit Saraf. Simpulan: Manifestasi gejala sistem otonom tidak spesifik sangat bervariasi, dapat ditemukan pada stadium prodromal dan neurologis akut.Background: Clinical manifestations of rabies may be preceded by nonspecific prodromal symptoms in 2/3 cases. This often leads to misdiagnosis resulting in delays in the management of rabies. Objective: To determine the non-specific autonomic nervous system symptoms in rabies patients in Sanglah Hospital. Method: This is descriptive retrospective study from January 2009 - December 2010 in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Data obtained from medical records of rabies patients. Results: During the period, there were 13 cases of rabies with non-specific autonomic nervous system symptoms, 8 cases were furious type (61.5%) and 5 cases paralytic rabies (38.5%). Symptoms at prodromal stage are nausea/vomiting (38.5%), urinary symptoms (30.8%), abdominal distention (30.8%), abdominal/epigastric pain (15.4%), chest pain (15.4 %), shortness of breath (53.8%) and diarrhea (7.7%). The autonomic symptoms at acute neurologic stage were urinary disorders (urinary incontinence and retention) (38.5%) and abdominal distension (30.8%). All patients were treated by other departments between 24 to 48 hours prior to neurological consultation. Those departments were Internal Medicine (69.2%), Pediatrics (15.4%), Cardiology (15.4%). Summary: non-specific autonomic nervous system symptoms of rabies are diverse and complicate the diagnosis. It can occur in a prodromal and acute neurological stage.