Pengaruh Ekstrak Jahe Gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans (in vitro)The effect of elephant ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum) extract on Streptococcus mutans (in vitro) - Eko Fibryanto; Rosita Stefani; Brandon Winaldy (Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran, 2022)
ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Karies merupakan penyakit yang mengenai jaringan keras gigi. Streptococcus mutans merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme yang dapat menyebabkan karies karena memfermentasi karbohidrat menjadi asam. Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum merupakan tanaman rimpang yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia dan memiliki daya antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% ekstrak Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni yang terdiri dari 7 kelompok, yaitu: konsentrasi 6,25; 12,5; 25, 50; 100%, kontrol positif, dan negatif. Kontrol positif adalah klorheksidin glukonat 0,2% dan kontrol negatif adalah dimetilsulfoksida (DMSO) 20%. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Uji daya hambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175, USA) dilakukan dengan metode dilusi menggunakan media Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) dan perhitungan jumlah koloni menggunakan metode hitung cawan. Data dianalisis dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc Tukey (p<0,05). Hasil: Ekstrak Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum mempengaruhi pertumbuhan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Konsentrasi 100% (0 CFU/mL) berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) terhadap konsentrasi 6,25% (2,42±0,19x108 CFU/mL); 12,5% (2,06±0,19x108 CFU/mL), dan 25% (1,46±0,11x108 CFU/mL). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara ekstrak 100% terhadap konsentrasi 50% (0,81±0,50.108 CFU/ml) dan klorheksidin glukonat (0 CFU/mL). Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh ekstrak Z. officinale var. Officinarum terhadap jumlah koloni S. mutans. Konsentrasi ekstrak 100% mampu mengeliminasi S.mutans (minimum bactericidal concetration). Konsentrasi 100% sama efektifnya dengan 0,2% klorheksidin glukonat.Kata kunci: streptococcus mutans; zingiber officinale var. officinarum; karies; konsentrasi hambat minimal; konsentrasi bunuh minimalABSTRACTIntroduction: Caries is a disease that affects the hard tissue of the teeth. Streptococcus mutans is one of the microorganisms that can cause caries because it ferments carbohydrates into acids. Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum is a rhizome plant that is widely grown in Indonesia and has antibacterial properties. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 6.25%, 12.5; 25; 50; and 100% Zingiber Officinale Var Officinarum extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This was a true experimental study consisting of 7 groups, concentration 6.25; 12.5; 25, 50; 100%, positive control, and negative. The Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum extract was prepared with the maceration method using 96% ethanol. The positive control was 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and the negative control was 20% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The growth inhibition test of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175, USA) was carried out by dilution method using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media and the number of colonies were measured using the plate count method. Data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: Different concentrations of Z. officinale var. Officinarum extract had various effects on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The 100% extract differed significantly (p<0.05) compared to 6.25% extract (2.42±0.19x108 CFU/mL), 12.5% (2.06±0.19x108 CFU/mL), and 25% (1.46±0.11x108 CFU/mL). There was no difference between 100%, 50% extract (0.81±0.50x108 CFU/ml) and chlorhexidine gluconate (p>0.05). Conclusion:  Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum 50% is able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans (minimum inhibitory concentration). In addition, the extract concentration of 100% is able to eliminate S. mutans (minimum bactericidal concentration) and as effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Keywords: streptococcus mutans; zingiber officinale var. officinarum; caries; minimum inhibitory concetration; minimum bactericidal concentration