DONGENG MANUSIA LUAR BIASA: FOLKLOR LISAN “ISSUNBOUSHI: SANG KSATRIA MUNGIL” DAN “SI KELINGKING” (Super Ordinary Human Fairy Tales: Structural Analysis of “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” and “Si Kelingking”) - Inni Inayati Istiana; Ratna Asmarani; Sarwo Ferdi Wibowo; Mochammad Fikri (Kandai, 2022)
This study examines two fairy tales from Japanese and Indonesian people namely the fairy tales “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” (Japan) and “Si Kelingking” (Indonesia) which have the same motif with different versions. This was done to answer the formulation of the problem in this study, how to compare the elements in the structure of the story which includes the similarities and differences in the story “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” with "Si Kelingking". To find out the similarities and differences in the structure of the fairy tales "Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil" (Japan) and "Si Kelingking" (Indonesia), the two stories have been analyzed used a narrative structure approach by A.J. Greimas. The writer used the structural approach of narratology by A.J. Greimas in order to produce an actant and functional scheme that show the similarities and differences in the structure of these fairy tales. The results of the study show that both have the same story stages, namely the initial situation, transformation, and the final situation. The different elements of the story included the actors (subjects) and their strengths, contradictions, solutions in getting helpers, and the form of helping objects. In addition, the two-fairy tales also have almost similar themes or motives, characterizations and plotting. The moral message of the story conveyed was also not much different. Based on these differences, it can be concluded that the fairy tales "Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil" and "Si Kelingking" were not related. These differences can be seen from the peculiarities of the two-fairy tales as a form of representation of people's lives at the time the fairy tales were created. In addition, the storytelling of each of these fairy tales took advantage of local geographical conditions to become the object of the story. Penelitian ini menelaah dua dongen dari masyarakat Jepang dan Indonesia, yang bermotif sama, tetapi memiliki versi berbeda, yaitu “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” (Jepang) dan “Si Kelingking” (Indonesia). Hal ini dilakukan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, yakni bagaimana perbandingan unsur-unsur dalam struktur cerita yang mencakupi kemiripan dan perbedaan cerita “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” dengan “Si Kelingking”. Untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan struktur cerita dongeng “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” (Jepang) dan “Si Kelingking” (Indonesia), kedua cerita tersebut akan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan struktur naratologi oleh A.J. Greimas. Melalui pendekatan struktur naratologi oleh A.J. Greimas akan dihasilkan skema aktan dan fungsional yang menunjukkan persamaan dan perbedaan struktur cerita dongeng-dongeng tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keduanya memiliki tahapan cerita yang sama, yakni situasi awal; transformasi; dan situasi akhir. Adapun unsur cerita yang berbeda mencakupi pelaku (subjek) dan kekuatannya, pertentangan, solusi dalam mendapatkan bantuan penolong (helper) dan wujud benda penolong. Selain hal tersebut, kedua dongeng itu juga memiliki tema, motif, penokohan, dan pengaluran yang hampir mirip. Amanat atau pesan moral cerita yang disampaikan juga tidak jauh berbeda. Berdasarkan perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dongeng “Issunboushi: Sang Ksatria Mungil” dan “Si Kelingking” tidak saling terkait. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut dapat dilihat dari kekhasan kedua dongeng sebagai bentuk representasi Kehidupan masyarakat pada saat dongeng tersebut tercipta. Selain itu, pengisahan masing-masing dongeng tersebut memanfaatkan keadaan geografis setempat untuk dijadikan objek cerita.