Tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelaminVisibility type of the mental foramen towards mandibular canal from panoramic radiography according to age and sex - Dominica Dian Saraswati; Dian Lesmana; Larasati Taqulia Hadad (Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran, 2022)
ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Mental foramen dan mandibular canal merupakan struktur anatomi penting untuk melakukan tindakan perawatan gigi dan mulut seperti anestesi lokal, penempatan implan, fraktur mandibula, dan intervensi bedah di daerah mandible. Identifikasi tipe visibilitas mental foramen dapat membantu meminimalisir terjadinya resiko cedera saraf mentalis. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelamin. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada rekam medis panoramik pasien RSGM Maranatha pada tahun 2019-2020 yang berusia 17-25 tahun, menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Tipe visibilitas mental foramen diamati berdasarkan hubungannya dengan mandibular canal pada kedua sisi mandible dari 216 radiograf panoramik. Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dan mandibular canal diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 tipe: 1. Continous type; 2. Separated type; 3. Diffuse type; 4. Unidentified type. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode distribusi frekuensi relatif dan tabulasi silang dengan perhitungan persentase baris. Hasil: Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal pada pasien usia 17-25 tahun adalah separated type dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 44,4%. Pasien laki-laki dengan jumlah 87 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen tertinggi yaitu continuous type (43,7%) dan pasien perempuan dengan jumlah 129 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen tertinggi yaitu separated type (48,1%). Simpulan: Tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal berdasarkan radiografi panoramic pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun menunjukkan tipe visibilitas mental foramen yang paling sering ditemukan adalah separated type, dan terdapat perbedaan tipe visibilitas mental foramen dengan mandibular canal berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun.Kata kunci: tipe visibilitas; mental foramen; mandibular canal; radiograf panoramik; usia; jenis kelamin ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mental foramen and mandibular canal are a clinically critical anatomical landmarks for clinicians when performing dental care, such as local anesthetics, implant placement, mandibular fractures, and surgical intervention in the mandible area. Determining the visibility type of the mental foramen can help to preclude iatrogenic complications such as mental nerve injury that can lead to lower lips paresthesia. This study aimed to determine the visibility type of mental foramen towards the mandibular canal in male and female patients using panoramic radiographs. Methods: The research method used in this study was descriptive observational with a cross sectional research design. Panoramic radiographs were randomly selected using simple random sampling from the dental records of RSGM Maranatha patients between the ages of 17-25 in 2019-2020. Visibility Mental foramen type was observed based on its relationship with the mandibular canal on both sides of the mandible from 216 panoramic radiographs. Visibility of the mental foramen and mandibular canal classified into four types of visibility: 1. Continous type; 2. Separated type; 3. Diffuse type; 4. Unidentified type. Results: The result showed that “separated type” (44.4%) was the highest percentage of the visibility of Mental foramen towards the Mandibular canal in patients aged 17-25 years old. There is a difference in the visibility type of Mental foramen between male and female patients. Out of 87 male patient respondents, the highest visibility of Mental foramen is “continuous type” (43.7%); meanwhile, out of 129 female patient respondents, the highest visibility of Mental foramen is “separated type” (48.1%). Conclusion: “Separated type” is the most common discovery of visibility type of Mental foramen towards the Mandibular canal in patients between the ages of 17-25. The visibility type of Mental foramen may differ according to their sex.Keywords: visibility type; mental foramen; mandibular canal; panoramic radiograph; age; sex