ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAKAN PERUSAHAAN PEMBIAYAAN TERHADAP DEBITUR YANG LALAI MEMBAYAR KEWAJIBAN KREDIT KENDARAAN BERMOTOR RODA DUA DIKOTA PONTIANAK - RESTUA BERESDO SINAGA NIM. A1011151202 (Jurnal Fatwa Hukum, 2023)
Abstract FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch is one of the finance companies that provides consumer financing facilities in the form of special loan funds only for the purchase of two-wheeled Honda branded vehicles on credit. In the financing process, FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch believes that consumers will be able to pay off all of their debts. But in fact, consumers (debtors) who buy two-wheeled motorized vehicles on credit do not all fulfill their obligations in paying installments or are negligent in paying their credit obligations for their two-wheeled motorized vehicles. Therefore, the FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch took action against debtors who were negligent in paying their loan obligations for two-wheeled motorized vehicles.As for the problem in this study is "What Actions Are Taken by Financing Companies Against Debtors Who Neglect to Pay Credit Obligations for Two-Wheeled Motorized Vehicles in Pontianak City?" This research is empirical legal research. The data examined in this study consisted of 2 (two) types, namely: Primary Data and Secondary Data.Based on the research results, it was concluded that the number of FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch debtors who failed to pay their loan obligations for two-wheeled motorized vehicles in Pontianak City during 2021 was 176 (one hundred and seventy six) people. Factors causing debtors of FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch to fail to pay their loan obligations for two-wheeled motorized vehicles due to forgetting the due date for installment payments, the due date colliding with the unpaid date, there are other urgent needs, experiencing a disaster, such as a serious illness, or an accident, and the Covid-19 pandemic. Actions taken by FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch as a finance company for debtors who fail to pay their loan obligations for two-wheeled motorized vehicles are by billing the debtor, whether it is done by contacting the debtor's contact, face-to-face visits to the debtor's residence, up to withdrawing the vehicle from mastery of the debtor himself. If there is no response or it is found that there is no good faith from the debtor in making credit payments after the earlier billing, FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch will send a written warning which can be 2 (two) to 3 (three) times in number sent to the residence of the debtor who stated in the financing agreement. After being given a written warning, but the debtor still does not carry out his obligations, the FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch will send a Team from internal FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch to withdraw two-wheeled motorized vehicles. If the internal withdrawal officer from FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch feels that the risk of withdrawing a motorized vehicle is quite high, both in terms of security and the high degree of difficulty, then FIF GROUP Pontianak Branch will use an external billing service known to the public as a Debt Collector. The process of billing and withdrawing (execution) of motorized vehicles using the services of a debt collector is in fact never accompanied by the police as stipulated in the Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 8 of 2011 concerning Security for the Execution of Fiduciary GuaranteesKeywords: Action, Financing Company, Debtor, Credit Abstrak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak merupakan salah satu perusahaan pembiayaan yang memberikan fasilitas pembiayaan konsumen berupa pinjaman dana khusus hanya untuk pembelian kendaraan bermotor roda dua merek Honda secara kredit. Dalam proses pembiayaan tersebut, pihak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak berkeyakinan bahwa pihak konsumen akan sanggup melunasi seluruh hutangnya. Namun faktanya, konsumen (debitur) yang membeli kendaraan bermotor roda dua secara kredit tidak semuanya memenuhi kewajiban dalam membayar angsuran atau lalai dalam membayar kewajiban kredit kendaraan bermotor roda duanya. Oleh karena itu, pihak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak mengambil tindakan terhadap debitur yang lalai dalam membayar kewajiban kredit kendaraan bermotor roda duanya.Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah “Tindakan Apa Yang Dilakukan Perusahaan Pembiayaan Terhadap Debitur Yang Lalai Membayar Kewajiban Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua Di Kota Pontianak ?” Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Data yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 2 (dua) jenis, yaitu: Data Primer dan Data Sekunder.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa jumlah debitur FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak yang lalai membayar kewajiban kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Kota Pontianak selama tahun 2021 sebanyak 176 (seratus tujuh puluh enam) orang. Faktor penyebab debitur FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak lalai membayar kewajiban kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua dikarenakan lupa tanggal jatuh tempo pembayaran angsuran, tanggal jatuh tempo berbenturan dengan tanggal belum gajian, ada kebutuhan lain yang mendesak, tertimpa musibah, seperti sakit parah, atau kecelakaan, dan adanya pandemi Covid-19. Tindakan yang dilakukan FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak sebagai perusahaan pembiayaan terhadap debitur yang lalai membayar kewajiban kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua adalah dengan melakukan penagihan kepada debitur, baik itu dilakukan dengan cara menghubungi kontak milik debitur, kunjungan tatap muka ke kediaman debitur, sampai dengan penarikan kendaraan dari penguasaan debitur itu sendiri. Jika tidak ada tanggapan atau ditemukan tidak adanya itikad baik dari debitur dalam melakukan pembayaran kreditnya setelah penagihan tadi, maka pihak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak akan mengirimkan peringatan tertulis yang jumlahnya bisa 2 (dua) sampai 3 (tiga) kali yang dikirimkan ke tempat tinggal debitur yang tercantum di dalam perjanjian pembiayaan. Setelah diberikannya peringatan tertulis, namun debitur tetap tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, maka pihak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak akan mengirim Tim dari internal FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak untuk melakukan penarikan kendaraan bermotor roda dua. Apabila petugas penarikan dari internal FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak merasa risiko melakukan penarikan kendaraan bermotor cukup besar, baik dari segi keamanan maupun tingkat kesulitannya tinggi, maka pihak FIF GROUP Cabang Pontianak akan menggunakan jasa penagihan eksternal yang dikenal oleh masyarakat sebagai Debt Collector. Proses penagihan dan penarikan (eksekusi) kendaraan bermotor yang menggunakan jasa debt collector ini faktanya tidak pernah didampingi oleh pihak kepolisian sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengamanan Eksekusi Jaminan FidusiaKata Kunci: Tindakan, Perusahaan Pembiayaan, Debitur, Kredit