KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, POTENSI PRODUKSI DAN KOMPONEN UTAMA RIMPANG SEMBILAN NOMOR LEMPUYANG WANGI - WAHYUNI, SRI; BERMAWIE, NURLIANI; KRISTINA, NATALINI NOVA (853-8212)
ABSTRAKLempuyangÂ  merupakan familyÂ  Zingiberaceae,Â  danÂ  banyakdigunakan oleh masyarakat untuk obat/jamu sebagai peningkat stamina,antikanker dan obat antiinfeksi. Balittro memiliki koleksi plasma nutfahlempuyang yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai daerah. Potensi sifat tanamanperlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui karakter potensial dan keunggulannya.Karakterisasi sembilan aksesi lempuyang wangi dilakukan di KP. Cicurugâ Sukabumi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010. Benih ditanamdengan jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm, jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman dandiulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sepuluh tanaman terhadapsifat morfologi tanaman, pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpengamatan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan pertumbuhan tanamanlempuyang bervariasi. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan,jumlah daun panjang dan lebar daun, serta diameter batang antar aksesibervariasi. Produksi rimpang lempuyang wangi umumnya lebih dari 15ton/ha, rimpang mempunyai banyak akar. Mutu simplisia rimpang adalahkisaran kadar minyak atsiri 1,34â4,61%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,22â23,5%, kadar sari larut etanol 7,9â13,8%, kadar serat 5,47â 8,87% dankadar pati 40-50%. Hasil analisis ekstrak rimpang lempuyang dengan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50 komponen terdeteksi. Zerumbonemerupakan komponen utama lempuyang dengan nilai sebesar 36â49%.Komponen utama zerumbone dan acetic acid terdapat di semua aksesi.Komponen utama lainnya di antaranya adalah alpha humulene, humuleneoxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophileneoxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, dan 3-octyne 5-methyl.Komposisi komponen utama antar aksesi berbeda senada dengan aromawangi yang ditimbulkan pada lempuyang. Sebanyak tujuh nomor aksesiyang mempunyai keunggulan produksi lebih dari 15 t/ha, mutu minyakatsiri lebih dari 1% dan zerumbone 40%.Kata kunci: Zingiber aromaticum, produksi, komponen utama rimpangABSTRACTWild ginger is one of Zingiberaceae family. Plant use as a medicinefor stamina improvement, anticancer and antiinfection. Balittro hadcollected wild ginger from several area and potential characters should beevaluated. Characterization was conducted at Cicurug experimental gardenâ West Java on 2009-2010. Seed rhizome of nine accession was plantedwith 60 x 40 cm space, twenty numbers of plant each plot and threereplication. Observation was carried out for morphological characters,growth, yield, and rhizome quality. Result showed that there werevariations in morphology and growth of wild ginger. Plant height, numbersof tillers, numbers of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and stemdiameter among acessions were variate. Rhizome yield was generally morethan 15 ton/ha, rhizome having plenty of roots. Rhizome quality analysisshowed that among accessions have essential oil content range from 1.34-4.61%, extract soluble water 16.22 â 23.5%, extract soluble ethanol 7.9-13.88%, fiber content 5.47 â 8.87%, and carbohydrat content 40-50%.GS-MS of wild ginger rhizome extract revealed totally around 50constituent was detected. The highest constituent detected is zerumbone(36-49%). Moreover, acetic acid also detected in all accession with valuerange from 4.64 â 14.36%. Other major constituent are alpha humulene,humulene oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo,caryophilene oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, and 3-octyne 5-methyl. The composition of major constituent among collection numbers isdifferent and reflected the differences of the flavour of the flesh rhizome.Seven collection numbers are having yield potential more than 15 ton/ha,essential oil content more than 1% dan zerumbone content 40%.Key word: Zingiber aromaticum, rhizome yield, rhizome constituent