HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAGAMAN BIOFISIK DAN FISIOLOGIS BENIH DENGAN VIGOR BENIH DAN BIBIT KAKAO HIBRIDA - BAHARUDIN, BAHARUDIN (853-8212)
ABSTRAKPenentuan karakteristik biofisik guna menghasilkan benih dan bibit berkualitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman hubungan mutu biofisik dan fisiologis benih terhadap vigor benih dan bibit kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai November 2010, di Kebun Benih, Puslitkoka, Jember dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB serta di rumah kacaBalai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor. Penelitianmenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, lima jenis kakao hibrida danempat ukuran benih, dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman karakteristik biofisik benih kakao GC 7, ICS 13 dan 60,TSH 858 dan UIT 1 pada jumlah dan bobot benih sangat bervariasi. Keragaman hubungan karakteristik biofisik untuk panjang, diameter, tebal dan bobot per 100 benih optimal pada benih kakao ukuran besar GC 7, ICS60, dan TSH 858, sangat besar ICS 13 dan UIT 1. Ukuran benih berkaitan dengan mutu fisiologis perkecambahan benih, nilai, periode, daya, dan lajukecambah optimal ukuran benih sedang dan besar pada kakao GC 7, ICS60, dan TSH 858, ICS 13 dan UIT 1 pada ukuran benih sedang, besar dansangat besar. Ukuran benih berhubungan dengan daya hidup benih terbaikkakao GC 7, ICS 60, dan TSH 858 untuk ukuran sedang dan besar, ICS 13dan UIT 1 ukuran benih besar dan sangat besar. Pertumbuhan bibitberkaitan dengan panjang tunas, panjang akar, diameter batang, dan tunas,rasio bobot kering akar dan tunas terbaik kakao GC 7 dan TSH 858 padaukuran sedang dan besar, ICS 60 benih besar serta ICS 13 dan UIT 1ukuran besar dan sangat besar. Perkembangan hasil total bobot keringtunas, daun dan bibit, bobot kering akar, total bobot kering bibit, dan rasiobobot kering akar dan tunas (A:T) optimal pada benih ukuran sedang,besar dan sangat besar.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, matriconditioning, seleksibenih, vigor benihABSTRACTDetermination of biophysical and physiological characteristics ofseeds is essential in order to produce quality seeds and seedlings. Thestudy aims to determine the diversity of biophysical and physiologicalrelationship quality seed from the seed vigor and hybrid cacao seedlings.The experiment was conducted in May and November 2010. The studywas conducted at Seed Gardens, Puslitkoka, Jember and Seed LaboratoryScience and Technology IPB and in greenhouse Indonesian BiotechnologyResearch for Estate Crops, Bogor. The study used a randomized block design, five and four types of hybrida cocoa seed size, with four replications. The results showed the diversity of biophysical characteristicsof cacao seeds GC 7, ICS 13 and 60, TSH 858 and UIT 1 on number andweight of seeds. The diversity of the biophysical characteristics of therelationship to length, diameter, thickness and weight per 100 seeds on theoftimal size of a large cocoa seeds GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH 858, a verylarge ICS 13 and UIT 1. Size physiological seed quality associated withthe germination of seeds, value, period, the power, and the optimal rate ofgermination medium and large seed size in cocoa GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH858, ICS 13 and UIT 1 seed sizes medium, large and very large. Seed sizeassociated with the best seed vitality of cacao GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH 858for medium and large size, ICS 13 and UIT 1 large seed size and verylarge. Seedling growth related to the length of shoots, root length, stemdiameter, and shoots, root dry weight ratio and best buds of cacao GC 7and TSH 858 on medium and large size, large seed ICS 60 and ICS 13 andUIT 1 large and very large size. The development of the dry weight of thetotal yield of shoots, leaves and seeds, root dry weight, total dry weight ofthe seeds, and the ratio of dry weight of roots and shoots (A:T) on theoptimal size of the seed medium, large and very large.Key words: Theobroma cacao, hybrid seeds, matriconditioning, seedselection, seed vigor