URGENSI PENGATURAN NASIONAL KEGIATAN MILITER ASING DI ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL - Surya Bagus Pambudi (Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, 2023)
Surya Bagus Pambudi, Adi Kusumaningrum, Agis Ardiansyah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: 21suryabagus21@gmail.com ABSTRAK Zona ekonomi Eksklusif Merupakan sebuah daerah di luar dan bersebelahan dengan laut teritorial yang kawasannya meliputi 200 mil ditarik dari garis pangkal laut teritorial. Kawasan ini muncul setelah adanya United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) yang kemudian menjadi pedoman bersama dalam hukum laut internasional. Aktivitas militer asing kerap kali dilakukan di zona ekonomi eksklusif (ZEE) negara lain oleh beberapa negara maritim besar menggunakan kapal perang maupun pesawat terbang yang melintas di ZEE dan terbang di atas nya. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi Militer dan zaman yang begitu pesat, banyak Kegiatan Militer Asing yang dilakukan di wilayah perairan khusus nya di ZEE Negara Pantai yang berpotensi menjadi ancaman keamanan aset sumber daya alam di ZEE dan kedaulatan bangsa sebuah Negara Pantai. Disamping itu, Belum ada nya peraturan yang mengatur secara rinci terkait Kegiatan Militer Asing di ZEE Indonesia selaku Negara Pantai. sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat legalitas Kegiatan Militer Asing di ZEE Indonesia, serta bagaimana urgensi pengaturan Nasional terkait Kegiatan Militer Asing di ZEE Indonesia berdasarkan Hukum Laut Internasional. Peneliti menggunakan metode hukum Normatif dengan pendekatan konsep, pendekeatan perundang-uandangan dan pendekatan perbandingan Hukum. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori sea power, good order at sea, dan konsep keamanan maritim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka ditemukan bahwa Legalitas Kegiatan Militer Asing di ZEE Indonesia merupakan hal yang legal dengan batasan Peraturan Hukum Nasional yang berlaku di Negara Pantai. Hal ini menjadi urgensi bersama untuk membuat peraturan Nasional dalam rangka menjaga keamanan perairan dan penegakkan hukum di ZEE Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Urgensi pengaturan nasional, Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif, Kegiatan Militer Asing ABSTRACT The exclusive economic zone is the outside area adjacent to the territorial sea, 200 miles from the straight baseline of the territorial sea. This territory emerges following the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982), which sets a guideline that applies to all in the scope of the international sea. Foreign military activities often take place within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of another state by several big maritime states using warships or airplanes flying across EEZ. In line with the advancement of military technology and current development, foreign military activities are commonly found in the area of waters, especially within the EEZ of coastal states, and this potentially threatens the security of the asset of natural resources in EEZ and the sovereignty of a coastal state. Moreover, there have not been any regulations specifically regulating foreign military activities in EEZ Indonesia as a coastal state. Departing from this issue, this research is intended to study the legality of foreign military activities in the EEZ of Indonesia according to the international law of the sea. This research employed a normative method and conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches. The theories and concepts used are sea power, good order at sea, and maritime security. The research results discover that the foreign military activities taking place in the area of EEZ of Indonesia are legally limited, meaning that the legality of the foreign military activities within EEZ must comply with the current regulations according to the national law of coastal states as in Article 58 paragraph (3) of UNCLOS 1982. The urgency regarding this matter could be proven with benchmark, philosophical, political, and juridical fundamentals. Thus, specific juridical fundamental according to Article 58 paragraph (3) of UNCLOS is required to give protection for all assets of biodiversity and non-biodiversity within EEZ in Indonesia. Moreover, the state must also consider the anticipation of the state against military threats or military violations happening in EEZ in Indonesia. Keywords: Exclusive Economic Zone, foreign Military activities, the urgency of national regulation