GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME - Bella Imelia; Saidatul Fitri (Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research, 2020)
Sindroma Gilles de la Tourette adalah kelainan neurodevelopmental yang ditandai dengan tic motorik kronis dan vokal yang dimulai pada masa kanak-kanak. Etiologi gangguan ini bersifat kompleks dan multifaktorial dengan hasil akhir berupa anomali otak fungsional dan struktural serta keterlibatan sirkuit saraf cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical dan neurotransmitter. GTS dianggap bersifat poligenik dan dapat pula non-genetik, seperti faktor perinatal dan imunologis, yang berkontribusi pada manifestasinya yang heterogen. GTS umumnya memiliki onset sebelum usia 10 tahun, memberikan perjalanan klinis naik-turun, dengan puncak saat remaja dan umumnya remisi pada usia dewasa. Diagnosis berdasarkan DSM-5 ditegakkan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan psikiatrik menggunakan instrumen penilaian tervalidasi. Tatalaksana berdasarkan klinis dan severitas, meliputi psikoedukasi, terapi perilaku, farmakologis hingga deep brain stimulation. Kata kunci: Sindroma Tourette, patofisiologi, manifestasi klinis, tatalaksanaÂ Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics that develop in childhood. The etiology of this disorder is complex and multifactorial with the final result being functional and structural brain anomalies and the involvement of cortico-striato-thamo- cortical neural circuits and neurotransmitters. GTS is considered polygenic and also be non-genetic, such as perinatal events and immunological factors, which contribute to heterogeneous manifestations. GTS generally has onset before 10 years of age, exhibit a waxing and waning clinical course, with peaks in adolescence and generally remits in adulthood. Diagnosis based on DSM-5 is made through history taking, physical and psychiatric examination using validated assessment instruments. Management is based on clinical and severity, including psychoeducation, behavioral therapy, and pharmacology to deep brain stimulation. Keywords: Tourette syndrome, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, managementÂ