RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PETSAI DAN BUNCIS TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AGROKIMIA RENDAH Pb - Yekti Sri Rahayu; Mikael Adri Budi Sulistyo (Agrika, 2023)
Sejumlah bahan kimia yang rutin diaplikasikan pada lahan pertanian sebagai pupuk dan pestisida dapat meningkatkan kadar logam berat terutama Cd, Pb dan As, di dalam tanah. Diperlukan upaya untuk meminimalisir paparan Pb di dalam tanah dan tanaman budidaya di lahan pertanian. Percobaan lapang ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan-bahan agrokimia rendah Pb terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sayuran. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Split Split Plot yang terdiri atas 3 faktor yaitu jenis tanaman (T): petsai dan buncis; jenis pestisida (D): rendah Pb dan tanpa Pb; dan jenis pupuk (P): rendah Pb dan Tanpa Pb, dimana masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pestisida dan pupuk rendah Pb maupun tanpa Pb, mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman petsai dan buncis. Tanaman petsai dan buncis yang diberi pestisida dan pupuk berkadar Pb rendah menghasilkan bobot kering total lebih rendah tinggi yaitu 112, 6 g/tanaman pada petsai dan 73,67 g/tanaman pada buncis, dibanding yang diberi pestisida dan pupuk tanpa Pb. Tanaman petsai yang diberi pestisida dan pupuk berkadar Pb rendah rata-rata menghasilkan bobot segar krop per tanaman 43,48% lebih tinggi dibanding yang diberi pestisida dan pupuk tanpa kadar Pb. Pada buncis, hasil bobot segar buah/polong yang diberi pestisida dan pupuk dengan kadar Pb rendah dan tanpa Pb tidak menunjukkan perbedaan. Agrochemicals that are routinely applied to lands as fertilizers and pesticides can increase the levels of heavy metals, especially Cd, Pb and As, in the soil. The Efforts are needed to minimize Pb exposure in soil and crop. The field experiment conducted to determine the effect of using low-lead agrochemicals on the growth and yield of vegetable crops. The experiment used a Split Split Plot Design which consisted of 3 factors, namely the type of plant (T): Chinese cabbage and beans; type of pesticide (D): low Pb and no Pb; and fertilizer type (P): low Pb and no Pb, where each treatment combination was repeated three times. The results showed that applying pesticides and fertilizers with low or no Pb affected the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage and green beans. Chinese cabbage and beans that were given pesticides and fertilizers with low Pb level produced a lower total dry weight namely 112.6 g/plant on Chinese cabbage and 73.67 g/plant on beans, compared to those that were given pesticides and fertilizers without Pb. Chinese cabbage treated with pesticides and fertilizers with low Pb levels produced an average fresh weight of heads per plant 43.48% higher than those given pesticides and fertilizers without Pb content. Beans treated with pesticides and fertilizers with low Pb levels showed no difference in producing a fresh weight of fruit/pods than treated without Pb.