ANALISIS IMPLIKASI YURIDIS IMUNITAS KEDAULATAN TERHADAP PENENTUAN KEDUDUKAN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOE) DALAM PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE INTERNASIONAL - Marinka Aniceta Heganevada Simbolon (Brawijaya Law Student Journal, 2023)
Marinka Aniceta Heganevada Simbolon, Hanif Nur Widhiyanti, Anak Agung Ayu Nanda Saraswati Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: marinkaahs_@student.ub.ac.id Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas implikasi yuridis imunitas kedaulatan terhadap penentuan kedudukan State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) dalam pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional yang dilatarbelakangi oleh kekosongan norma dalam hukum internasional yang mengatur secara jelas mengenai kedudukan suatu SOE sebagai suatu entitas yang dimiliki oleh negara untuk menjalankan aktivitas komersial yang mengklaim hak imunitas kedaulatan ketika berhadapan dengan para pihak yang hendak melaksanakan putusan arbitrase internasional melawan entitas tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan suatu standar yang sesuai dengan hukum internasional untuk menentukan kedudukan SOE dan apakah ia berhak untuk menerima imunitas kedaulatan berdasarkan kedudukannya dalam pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional serta diperlukannya analisis terkait implikasi yuridis dari status SOE terhadap eksekusi aset yang dimiliki olehnya di pengadilan nasional suatu negara melalui pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan 3 (tiga) pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus serta menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis menggunakan metode interpretasi gramatikal dan komparatif. Kata Kunci: State-Owned Enterprises (SOE), Imunitas Kedaulatan, Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase Internasional, Aktivitas Komersial, Kedudukan Hukum Abstract This research discusses the juridical implication of sovereign immunity in determining the standing of State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) in conducting international arbitration. This issue departs from a loophole of a norm in international law that governs the standing of SOE that claims sovereign immunity when it faces parties that are in the progress of International arbitrary award against this entity. A State-Owned Enterprise is an entity owned by a state to allow it to conduct commercial activities, making SOE believe that it holds an equal position to that of the state, and it also believes it holds immunity. Thus, a standard complying with international law is important to help determine the standing of SOE and whether it is entitled to sovereign immunity according to its standing in the international arbitral award. Specifically, the issue studied is related to whether the SOE should be entitled to use the claim over sovereign immunity to deny any international arbitral awards. This research also discusses the formulation regarding the juridical implication of the status of SOE regarding the acquisition of an asset in a national court of a state through the execution of an international arbitral award. This is to analyze the status of an SOE and the connection between its standing and a claim of sovereign immunity in an international arbitral award and to analyze the juridical implication of the status concerned in terms of the execution of the asset. This is normative legal research employing three approaches: statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary materials were analyzed based on grammatical and comparative interpretations. Keywords: State-Owned Enterprises (SOE), sovereign immunity, implementation of international arbitral awards, commercial activities, legal standing