Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Mikroemulsi Untuk Penghantaran Transdermal Ketoprofen dengan Fasa Minyak Labrafil M1944CS - Priani, Sani Ega; Darijanto, Sasanti Tarini; Suciati, Tri; Iwo, Maria Immaculata (Jurnal Matematika dan Sains, 2014)
Ketoprofen termasuk obat anti inflamasi non steroid (NSAIDs) untuk pengobatan simptomatik nyeri dan inflamasi. Pemakaian ketoprofen secara transdermal diketahui mampu menghantarkan zat aktif untuk mencapai konsentrasi efektif pada jaringan target, dengan konsentrasi plasma yang lebih rendah dibanding penggunaan per oral, sehingga  mengurangi resiko efek samping sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikroemulsi ketoprofen yang stabil secara fisik untuk penghantaran transdermal. Optimasi formula mikroemulsi dibuat menggunakan fasa minyak labrafil M 1944 CS, surfaktan Cremophor EL, serta kosurfaktan etanol, propilenglikol, dan gliserin. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi pengamatan organoleptik, pH, viskositas, dan  ukuran globul, serta pengujian stabilitas fisik menggunakan metode sentrifugasi dan freeze thaw. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji difusi in vitro dan uji iritasi kulit dan mata pada kelinci. Formula mikroemulsi optimum mengandung labrafil 15%, cremophor EL 30%, dan propilenglikol 10%. Sediaan mikroemulsi memenuhi kriteria stabilitas fisik berdasarkan uji sentrifugasi dan freeze thaw. Nilai pH dan viskositas sediaan relatif stabil selama 120 hari penyimpanan pada suhu kamar. Mikroemulsi ketoprofen memiliki ukuran globul rata-rata 29,3 nm. Jumlah ketoprofen terdifusi selama 180 menit pengujian adalah 386,6 ± 61,2 µg/cm2. Sediaan mikroemulsi mengiritasi ringan pada kulit tetapi tidak mengiritasi mata. Kata kunci: Ketoprofen, Mikroemulsi, Transdermal, Difusi.   Formulation and Evaluation of Microemulsion for Ketoprofen Transdermal Delivery Using Labrafil M1944CS as an Oil Phase Abstract Ketoprofen belongs to NSAIDs and is commonly applied  for symptomatic treatment of pain and inflamation. Transdermal route of ketoprofen application enables the delivery of this active substance to reach its effective concentration in target organ but with lower plasma concentration compared to that of per oral application and hence can reduce systemic side effects. The objectives of this study are to obtain microemulsion formulation of ketoprofen for transdermal delivery. Microemulsion was formulated using Labrafil M 1944 CS as an oil phase, cremophor EL as surfactant and etanol, propylene glycol, glycerin as cosurfactans. Evaluation of ketoprofen microemulsion included organoleptic evaluation, pH, viscocity, globul diameter, and physical stability test using centrifugation and freeze thaw methods. Skin permeation was evaluated in vitro using spangler membrane and irritation effect test on rabbits. The optimum formulation of microemulsion was labrafil 15%, cremophor EL 30%,and  propylene glycol 10%. Microemulsion of ketoprofen did not show any changes during freeze thaw and centrifugation tests which indicated its stability. The viscosity and pH of preparations were relatively stable for 120 days storage at room temperature. Average globule  diameter of microemulsion was 29.3 nm. The total ketoprofen diffused was 386.6 ± 61.2 µg/cm2 for 180 minutes of testing time. The microemulsion showed slight irritation effect on the skin but no irritation effect on the eyes. Keywords : Ketoprofen, Microemulsion, Transdermal, Diffusion.