Literature Review: Dampak Stunting terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak - Laily, Linuria Asra; Indarjo, Sofwan (HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 2023)
Abstrak Indonesia tergolong dalam negara dengan prevalensi stunting tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2021 angka prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sebesar 24,4%, angka ini menurun 6,4% dari angka 30,8% pada 2018. Meskipun demikian, masalah kesehatan ini memiliki dampak serius pada perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak yakni dapat menyebabkan tidak optimalnya proses tumbuh kembang yang irreversible. Penelitian bertujuan menghimpun informasi untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian stunting pada tumbuh kembang anak. Penelitian ini merupakan Systematic Literature Review dengan Meta-analisis. Dilakukan dengan mengambil artikel dari jurnal nasional maupun internasional melalui database electronic Pubmed dan Google Scholar dalam rentang waktu 2012-2022 kemudian dianalisis dengan software Openmee. Hasil analisis dilakukan pada 8 artikel jurnal terpilih menunjukkan bahwa stunting memiliki hubungan dengan variabel tumbuh kembang anak yakni motorik halus, motorik kasar, bahasa dan komunikasi, serta sosial emosional masing-masing memiliki p-value (p<0,001; p<0,001; p<0,001; p=0,002). Dapat disimpulkan terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara stunting dengan proses tumbuh kembang anak. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas sumber daya manusia, sehingga dibutuhkan perhatian dalam penanggulangan stunting. Kata Kunci: Stunting, Status Gizi, Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan Abstract Indonesia is classified as a country with a high prevalence of stunting. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia was 24.4%; this figure decreased by 6.4% from 30.8% in 2018. Nonetheless, this health problem has a serious impact on the development and growth of children, which can lead to non-optimal growth processes that are irreversible. The research aims to collect information to determine the relationship between stunting and child development. This study is a meta-analysis of a systematic literature review. This was done by taking articles from national and international journals through the Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases in the 2012–2022 period and then analyzing them with the Openmee software. The findings of an analysis of 8 selected journal articles show that stunting has a relationship with child growth and development variables such as fine motor, gross motor, language and communication, and social-emotional, each of which has a p-value (p 0.001, p 0.001, p = 0.002). It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between stunting and child development. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of human resources, so attention is needed when tackling stunting. Keyword: Stunting, Nutritional Status, Growth, Development