PERLINDUNGAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI LAUT BEBAS - Sarah Savira (Brawijaya Law Student Journal, 2023)
Sarah Savira, Dhiana Puspitawati, Rika Kurniaty Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: sarahsav@student.ub.ac.id Abstrak Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mengangkat permasalahan tentang Perlindungan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Laut Bebas, baik yang ada pada instrumen hukum nasional maupun instrumen hukum internasional dengan meninjau kekurangan masing-masing peraturan yang mengatur tentang perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini mengangkat rumusan masalah, yaitu : 1.Bagaimana pengaturan mengenai perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas secara internasional? 2. Bagaimana hukum nasional indonesia mengatur tentang perlindungan keanekaragam hayati di laut bebas?. Penelitian ini merupakan penilitan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, serta pendekatan konseptual. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian di atas, peneliti memperoleh jawaban, yakni: 1. Perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas belum diatur di dalam hukum internasional. Instrumen hukum internasional yang relevan, yaitu United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 dan Convention on Biological Diversity hanya mengatur secara umum. Meskipun demikian sudah ada draft yang mengatur tentang perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas yaitu Agreement Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Namun draft ini masih belum bersifat final. 2. Hukum nasional Indonesia mengakui perlunya perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas, namun belum ada aturan pelaksana dalam mengimplementasikan hal tersebut. Undang-Undang Kelautan sendiri belum mengatur mengenai perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas serta belum ada peraturan pelaksana yang mengatur tentang perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di laut bebas. Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman hayati, laut bebas, hukum internasional, hukum nasional Abstract This research discusses the issue of the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean within both the instruments of national law and international law by delving into the shortcomings of each regulation governing the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean. Departing this issue, this research investigates the following problems: 1. The regulation regarding the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean at an international level, and 2. The national law of Indonesia governing the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean. This research employed normative-juridical methods and statutory and conceptual approaches. The research results reveal that: 1) the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean is not regulated by international law. The relevant instruments of international law are the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 and the Convention on Biological Diversity but they only govern the matter in a general scope. However, the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction regulates the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean although they are not yet final; 2) the national law in Indonesia should govern the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean but there is no regulatory provision implementing this issue. The Marine Law of Indonesia has not yet covered the protection of biodiversity in the open ocean. Keywords: biodiversity, open ocean, international law, national law