RESPON LIMA NOMOR UNGGUL KENCUR TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN - ROSITA SMD; OTIH ROSTIANA; W. HARYUDIN W. HARYUDIN (Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 2007)
ABSTRAKKencur (Kaempferia galanga) banyak dimanfaatkan oleh rumahtangga, industri obat maupun makanan serta minuman dan industri rokokkretek. Peningkatan pemakaian simplisia kencur dalam berbagai industri didalam negeri akan meningkatkan konsumsi simplisia ini, sehingga upayapeningkatan produksi masih perlu dilakukan melalui budidaya, diantaranya dengan penggunaan varietas unggul yang didukung denganpemupukan yang optimal. Di dalam penelitian ini dikaji respon limanomor unggul kencur terhadap paket pemupukan organik dan anorganikpada tanah latosol di dataran rendah, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat.Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Oktober 2003 sampai Agustus 2004,dengan RAK dalam pola faktorial. Faktor I nomor unggul kencur (V1, V2,V3, V4 dan V5) dan faktor II paket pemupukan (6 paket), diulang 2 kali.Jarak tanam yang digunakan 20 x 20 cm, ukuran petak 4 x 1,2 m. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, empat nomor unggul kencur (V1, V3, V4, V5),dari lima nomor yang diuji, mempunyai kemampuan untuk menghasilkanrimpang segar dan kering yang sama, dengan kisaran bobot rimpang segar62,27-70,22 g/tanaman dan kisaran bobot rimpang kering 16,95-19,33 g/tanaman. Paket pemupukan yang dianjurkan untuk semua nomor yangdiuji adalah pupuk kandang 20 ton/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36 200 kg/ha+ KCl 200 kg/ha, atau pemupukan organik dengan pupuk kandang kerbau40 ton/ha. Respon lima nomor unggul kencur terhadap aplikasi paketpemupukan memberikan mutu dengan hasil yang berbeda, yaitu kadarminyak atsiri V3 (2,03%) tergolong mutu I, sedangkan empat nomorlainnya tergolong mutu II (1,08 -1,97%), dengan hasil minyak atsiri 0,325– 0,466 ml/tanaman. Serapan hara lima nomor unggul kencur terhadappaket teknologi yang diuji memperlihatkan, serapan hara N berkisar antara149,60 – 415,60 mg/tanaman, hara P 41,50 – 112,50 mg/tanaman, hara K236,10 – 571,70 mg/tanaman.Kata kunci : Kencur, Kaempferia galanga, varietas unggul, pemupukan,serapan hara, produksi, mutuABSTRACTResponse of five galanga promising lines to fertilizationIndia galanga (Kaempferia galanga) is commonly used forhousehold consumption, medicines, food and drink supplement industriesas well as cigarette sauce. Increase in demand of this commodity fordomestic industries will raise the consumption of symplicia. Therefore,effort in increasing yield of the plant through cultivation techniqueimprovement, i.e. application of superior variety and fertilization, is worthto be accomplished. In this experiment five Galanga promising lines ofIndia galanga were subjected to organic and inorganic fertilizations atlow land latosol soil, Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java. Experiment was carriedout from October 2003 – August 2004 and arranged in randomized blockin factorial design, with two replications. First factor is the promising lines(V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5); factor II is fertilization packages (6 packages).Plot size of 4 x 1.2 m and plant spacing of 20 x 20 cm, were applied. Theresults showed that four of five tested promising lines yielded the sameresults of fresh and dry weight of rhizomes ranged from 62.27-70.22g/plant, and the dry weight was 16.95-19.33 g/plant respectively.Fertilization packages of dung manure 20 t/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36200 kg/ha + KCl 200 kg/ha, or organic fertilizer by using dung manure 40ton/ha, are recommended. Application of fertilization package resulted indifferent response to the plant for their qualities. The essential oil contentof promising lines V3 belongs to the first grade of quality (2.03%), whilethe others are the second one (1.08-1.97%), with the yield of essential oilranged from 0.325 – 0.466 ml/plant. The nutrients uptake of the promisinglines to the applied technology package were 149.60 – 415.60 mg/plant ofN, 41.50 – 112.50 mg/plant of P, and 236.10 – 571.70 mg/plant of Knutrients.Key words: Kaempferia galanga , superior variety, fertilization, nutrientup take, yield, quality