EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata) DAN DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachtin indica) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT - Patrisius Relentrain; Hidayati Karamina; Astri Sumiati (Agrika, 2023)
ABSTRAKPenurunan hasil tomat disebabkan oleh kendala iklim, hama dan penyakit. Hama yang umum menyerang tanaman tomat adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Hama ulat grayak mampu menurunkan hasil hingga 85% dan bahkan kegagalan panen. Mengingat berbagai dampak negatif pestisida kimia, perlu dilakukan penggunaan pestisida nabati. Pestisida nabati merupakan pestisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, terpenoid, fenolik. Senyawa tersebut berfungsi sebagai penolak, penarik, antifertilitas (pemandul) dan pembunuh. Keuntungan penggunaan pestisida nabati adalah mudah terurai sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, relatif aman bagi manusia dan hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun mimba dan daun sirsak terhadap larva ulat grayak instar 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada bulan Desember 2022-Januari 2023 di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang. Parameter yang diamati meliputi larva berhenti makan, mortalitas, kecepatan kematian, dan intensitas serangan pada daun. Data dianalisa menggunakan Anova dan diuji lanjut dengan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak pestisida nabati berpengaruh terhadap persentase larva ulat grayak berhenti makan, mortalitas, kecepatan kematian, dan intensitas serangan. Ekstrak daun mimba 80 ml sama efektifnya dengan ekstrak daun sirsak 80%. Pada 8 JSA ekstrak daun mimba dan ekstrak daun sirsak mampu menekan larva berhenti makan berturut-turut sebesar 17.50% dan 15%; pada 48 JSA mengakibatkan mortalitas larva ulat grayak sebesar 42.5% dan 40.00%; pada 48  JSA mengakibatkan kecepatan kematian sebesar 7.80 ekor/jam dan 7.35 ekor/jam; pada 72 JSA mengakibatkan kerusakan pada daun tomat sebesar 20.00% dan 22.50%. ABSTRACTThe decline in tomato yields is caused by climate constraints, pests and diseases. The common pest that attacks tomato plants is the armyworm (Spodoptera litura). Armyworm pests can reduce yields by up to 85% and even crop failure. Considering the various negative impacts of chemical pesticides, it is necessary to use plant-based pesticides. Botanical pesticides are pesticides derived from plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics. This compound functions as a repellent, attractant, antifertility (sterile) and killer. The advantage of using vegetable pesticides is that they are easily decomposed so they do not pollute the environment, and are relatively safe for humans and animals. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of neem and soursop leaf extracts against second instar armyworm larvae. The research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in December 2022-January 2023 at the Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang. Parameters observed included larvae stopping eating, mortality, speed of death, and intensity of attacks on leaves. Data were analyzed using Anova and tested further with the 5% BNJ test. The results of the study showed that treatment with vegetable pesticide extracts affected the percentage of armyworm larvae that stopped eating, mortality, speed of death, and intensity of attacks. 80 ml neem leaf extract is as effective as 80% soursop leaf extract. At 8 JSA neem leaf extract and soursop leaf extract were able to suppress larvae from stopping eating by 17.50% and 15% respectively; at 48 JSA resulted in armyworm larval mortality of 42.5% and 40.00%; at 48 JSA resulted in a death rate of 7.80 individuals/hour and 7.35 individuals/hour; at 72 JSA resulted in damage to tomato leaves of 20.00% and 22.50%.