Pengembangan Efisiensi Perikanan Skala Kecil Berkelanjutan bagi Nelayan Danau Tempe: Development of Sustainable Small Scale Fishery Efficiency for Lake Tempe Fishermen - Kurniawan B, Agus; Wahyu Andy; Sau, Tenri; Haerunnisa, Haerunnisa; Junaidi Aziz; Jufry, Ady (JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research), 2024)
Aktivitas penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe merupakan mata pencaharian utama bagi banyak nelayan dan memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perekonomian lokal. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan permasalahan. Salah satu permasalahan utama adalah penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2023 untuk mengkaji efesiensi teknis nelayan skala kecil dan tingkat keramahan lingkungan pada penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan di Danau Tempe. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode survey dan selanjutnya menggunakan metode analisis produktifitas, komposisi dan analisis data indeks keramahan lingkungan untuk mengetahui secara langsung penggunaan dari masing-masing alat tangkap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 1 trip penangkapan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap Jaring Insang, Pancing Rawai, Jala Tebar, dan Anco diperoleh 7 jenis ikan hasil tangkapan yang dominan yaitu ikan Mujiar, ikan Tawes, ikan Sapu-sapu, ikan Nila, ikan Bungo, ikan Betutu, ikan Patin. Identifikasi hasil tangkapan alat tangkap jaring insang (Gill Net) menangkap sebanyak 5 spesies, alat tangkap rawai (Long Line) menangkap sebanyak 2 spesies, alat tangkap jala tebar (Cast Net) menangkap sebanyak 5 spesies, alat tangkap Anco (Lift Net) menangkap sebanyak 4 spesies. Dan alat tangkap Anco (Lift Net) menangkap sebanyak 4 spesies. Terdapat inefisiensi yang mempengaruhi dari total hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh pada masing-masing alat tangkap selama penangkapan. Dari hasil tingkat keramahan lingkungan alat tangkap yang digunakan nelayan Danau Tempe yaitu dari jaring insang (Gill Net) menghasilkan skor sebesar 31,1%, rawai (Long Line) skor sebesar 31%, jala tebar (Cast Net) skor sebesar 32,5%, dan anco (Lift Net) skor sebesar 32%, berdasarkan skor tersebut semua alat tangkap yang gunakan termasuk kategori ramah lingkungan menurut klasifikasi statistik internasional standar FAO.   Fishing activities in Lake Tempe are the main livelihood for many fishermen and make a significant contribution to the local economy. However, in recent years, fishing in Lake Tempe has faced various challenges and problems. One of the main problems is the use of fishing equipment that is not environmentally friendly. This research was conducted from January to May 2023 to examine the technical efficiency of small-scale fishermen and the level of environmental friendliness in the use of fishing equipment in Lake Tempe. The data was analyzed using the survey method and then using the productivity analysis method, composition and environmental friendliness index data analysis to find out directly the use of each fishing gear. Based on the results of the research, it shows that during 1 fishing trip using Gill Net, Longline Fishing, Tebar Net and Anco fishing gear, 7 dominant types of fish were obtained, namely Mujiar fish, Tawes fish, Sapu-sapu fish, Tilapia fish, Bungo fish, fish Betutu, Patin fish. Identification of catches by gill net fishing gear (Gill Net) caught as many as 5 species, longline fishing gear (Long Line) caught as many as 2 species, cast net fishing gear (Cast Net) caught as many as 5 species, Anco fishing gear (Lift Net) caught as many as 4 species. And the Anco fishing gear (Lift Net) catches as many as 4 species. There are inefficiencies that affect the total catch obtained from each fishing gear during fishing. From the results of the level of environmental friendliness of the fishing gear used by Lake Tempe fishermen, namely gill nets (Gill Net) resulting in a score of 31.1%, longlines (Long Line) a score of 31%, cast nets (Cast Net) a score of 32.5% , and anco (Lift Net) score of 32%, based on this score all fishing gear used is included in the environmentally friendly category according to the FAO standard international statistical classification.