ANALISIS POLA SEBARAN, SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING - Tanjung, Risnawati; Lestrina, Dini; Sinaga, Jernita; Andrianti, Septi (Mitra Raflesia (Journal of Health Science), 2024)
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Faktor lingkungan seperti sanitasi dan higiene, sumber air minum, kualitas air minum, dan kepemilikan jamban merupakan faktor tidak langsung penyebab stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi stunting dan faktor sanitasi lingkungan yang menyebabkan stunting di Kecamatan Silahisabungan Kabupaten Dairi, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 176 balita. Pola distribusi stunting dan hubungan karakteristik pasien dengan faktor risiko lingkungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Data PHBS dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan uji laboratorium mikrobiologi untuk mengukur kualitas air. Analisis spasial menggunakan tumpang susun (overlay) rata-rata tetangga terdekat. Hubungan antara karakteristik dan faktor risiko dengan kejadian stunting dianalisis menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Analisis rata-rata tetangga terdekat menunjukkan bahwa indeks tetangga terdekat adalah 0,19 (<1) (Z score -16,72, p-value 0,01). Analisis regresi perangkat lunak GeoDa (p-value 0,76). Terdapat hubungan antara kualitas air bersih dan PHBS (p-value <0,05) dengan stunting. Jamban keluarga dan tempat pembuangan sampah (p value > 0,05) tidak berhubungan dengan stunting. Pola sebaran kasus cenderung mengelompok, dan tidak ditemukan hubungan antara kepadatan penduduk dengan kejadian  stuntingSimpulan: Sebaran menunjukkan pola sebaran kasus cenderung mengelompok. Analisis regresi menggunakan software GeoDa tidak menemukan hubungan antara kepadatan penduduk dengan kejadian stunting. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman baru bahwa promosi kesehatan untuk mencegah stunting tidak hanya berfokus pada pemenuhan gizi, tetapi juga Prilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat serta kualitas air.Kata kunci: Pola Sebaran, Stunting, Sanitasi  Lingkungan ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a global problem due to the increasing prevalence and its impact can lead to less competitive human resources, affect work productivity, increase the risk of overweight and obesity, and trigger metabolic syndrome disease. The purpose of the study was to obtain the distribution of stunting and the dominant factors causing stunting in terms of sanitation, namely the quality of clean water, latrine facilities, waste disposal facilities, clean and healthy living behavior.Methods: This study used a case control design with 176 toddlers as the subject. The pattern of stunting distribution and associations of patient characteristics and environmental risk factors with stunting was carried out using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the distribution of cases in each region in Dairi Regency. Spatial analysis used average nearest neighbour, overlay. The association of characteristics and risk factors with the incidence of stunting was analyzed multivariately, using chi square and logistic regression with a 95% confidence degree (α=0.05).Results Average nearest neighbor analysis shows that the nearest neighbor index is 0.19 (<1) (Z score -16.72, p-value 0.01). GeoDa software regression analysis (p-value 0.76). There is a relationship between clean water quality and PHBS (p-value <0.05) and stunting. Family latrines and rubbish dumps (p value > 0.05) were not associated with stunting. The pattern of distribution of cases tends to be clustered, and no relationship was found between population density and the incidence of stuntingConclusion: The distribution shows that the pattern of case distribution tends to be clustered. Regression analysis using GeoDa software did not find a relationship between population density and the incidence of stunting. The quality of clean water containing e coli is the most dominant factor, there is a relationship between PHBS and stunting and there is no relationship between family toilet facilities and waste disposal facilities.Keywords : Distribution Patterns, Stunting, Environmental Sanitation