Kadar Debu Partikulat (PM2,5) dalam Rumah dan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Kelurahan Kayuringin Jaya, Kota Bekasi Tahun 2014 - Azhar, Khadijah; Dharmayanti, Ika; Mufida, Ida (Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2016)
AbstrakInfeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) adalah penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia danberkaitan erat dengan polusi udara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar debupartikulat (PM2,5) dan hubungannya dengan ISPA pada balita. Survei menggunakan kuesioner terstrukturdilakukan terhadap 106 balita di Kelurahan Kayuringin Bekasi pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2014.Data yang dikumpulkan berupa gejala ISPA, pengukuran antropometri, riwayat imunisasi balita, kondisirumah, dan hasil pengamatan terhadap kondisi jalan terdekat. Pengukuran kadar PM2,5 dilakukan diruang keluarga, kamar tidur balita menggunakan alat Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 selama 12 jam. Desainpenelitian adalah potong lintang dan dianalisis secara deskriptif maupun analitik. Hasil yang diperolehsebanyak 69,9% balita dengan gejala ISPA tinggal di rumah berventilasi kurang dan 74,2% balita tinggaldi rumah dengan dapur menyatu dengan ruangan lain. Kadar rata-rata PM2,5 dalam rumah 70 Î¼g/m3.Ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar rerata PM2,5 dalam rumah di wilayah yang ramai lalu lintasdengan wilayah yang tidak ramai (p=0,02). Kesimpulan yang didapat kadar rerata PM2,5 udara dalamrumah mencapai dua kali lipat dari baku mutu.Kata Kunci : PM2,5, infeksi saluran pernafasan akut, balitaAbstractAcute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the leading cause of death for children under five years old inIndonesia and have been associated with air pollution. The objective of the study was to identify indoorfine particles (PM2,5) concentration and its relationship with ARI among children under five years. Aquestionnaire-based survey of 106 children was conducted in Kayuringin village, Bekasi city from Marchto October 2014. Data collected were ARI related symptoms, anthropometry, immunization, housing andtraffic density. Assessment of 12-hour PM2,5 level was done using Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 in living roomor childrenâs room. This research was a cross-sectional study using univariate and bivariate analysis.Most of children had ARI related symptoms during 3 months before study. Most of children with ARI(69,9%) lived in poor ventilated houses. More over, the houses had family room that fully integrated withthe kitchen (74,2%). The indoor average level of PM2,5 was 70 Î¼g/m3 among 46 households. Statistically,there was a significant difference in PM2,5 average level indoor between houses in high and low trafficdensity area (p=0,02). The indoor average level of PM2,5 was two times higher than EPAâs standard level(35 Î¼g/m3).Keywords: PM2,5, ARI, children under five years old