Determinants of Household off-farm Labor Activity: The Case of Six Villages in Cimanuk River Basin, West Java, Indonesia - Andin H. Taryoto (Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 1989)
IndonesianDidalam pemikiran penganut teori modernisasi, negara-negara berkembang yang sedang dalam proses "memodernisasikan" diri, akan ditandai oleh pergeseran kegiatan ekonomi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor non-pertanian, baik dari segi penyerapan tenaga kerja maupun dari segi sumber pendapatan. Studi ini berhubungan dengan pernyataan tersebut diatas; tekanan perhatian ditujukan pada upaya mengidentifikasi apakah perubahan itu nyata terjadi di tingkat desa. Intensitas Kegiatan Kerja Luar Usahatani (Household off-farm labor Intensity-HOFFLI) digunakan sebagai indikator transisi kegiatan pertanian menuju kegiatan non-pertanian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa di tingkat desa, HOFFLI masih didominasi oleh kegiatan-kegiatan di sektor pertanian, sementara pekerjaan utama keluarga masih juga di bidang pertanian. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi HOFFLI secara nyata adalah umur Kepala Keluarga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, rasio ketergantungan luas penguasaan lahan, penelitian asset produktif, pengeluaran untuk makanan, serta variabel-variabel boneka desa, jenis kelamin kepala keluarga, dan varietas padi yang ditanam. Lepas daripada sektor apa kegiatan luar usahatani dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa kegiatan itu sangat diperlukan adanya. Kegiatan dapat dilakukan didalam desa sendiri, maupun di luar desa dimana petani berada.EnglishAccording to modernization theorists, modernizing countries are characterized by the movement from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors, either in terms of labor absorbtion or income generation. This study deals with that issue, especially to show whether the movement is also found in village level. Household off-farm labor intensity (HOFFLI) is used as indicator of the transition from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors. The findings show that HOFFLI was still dominated by off-farm labor activities in agriculture, while household's main occupation was also still dominated by agricultural. Factors that significantly influence HOFFLI were household head's age, family size, dependency ratio, landholding, productive assets, expenditure for food and dummy variables of village, household head's gender, and variety of rice grown. Regardless of the source of activities, the findings indicate that off-farm labor activities are really needed, either those in the villages themselves, or in the nearby town such as the capital of the sub-district where the villages are located.