EFISIENSI TEKNIS DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI YANG MEMPENGARUHI INEFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI PROVINSI BALI - Suharyanto ,; Jemmy Rinaldi (Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 2014)
Technical Efficiency and Effect of Farmer Socio-Economic Factors to Technical Inefficiency in BaliProvince. Efficiency in farm management, including the management of agricultural technology is closely relatedto managerial capacity and capability of farmers, farm characteristics and production inputs. The study aimed toanalyze the level of technical efficiency of rice farming and socioeconomic factors that influence inefficiency ofrice farming in Bali. The study was conducted at three district of rice production centers in Bali province i.e.Tabanan, Buleleng and Gianyar. Data were collected through interviews with 94 respondents using a structuredquestionnaire during wet and dry seasons 2012. The collected data we analyzed using stochastic frontierproduction function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The result showed that riceproductionin Bali was affected by land area, N fertilizer, pesticides, labor and age of seeds. Rice production in thedry season was higher than that in wet season. Technically lowland rice farming in Bali has been efficient, asshown by the average of technical efficiency index, which was more than 0.70. Socioeconomic characteristicsfactors that affected the technical inefficiency of lowland rice farming such as age, formal education, farmingexperience and number of percils. Technical efficiency of lowland rice farming on their own land was higher thanthat of the land.Key words: Socioeconomic, technical inefficiency, lowland rice, BaliABSTRAKEfisiensi pengelolaan usahatani termasuk pengelolaan teknologi pertanian berkaitan erat dengan kapasitasdan kapabilitas managerial petani, karakteristik usahatani dan penggunaan input produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah dan faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yangmempengaruhi ineffisiensinya. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kabupaten sentra produksi padi sawah di Provinsi Baliyakni: Tabanan, Buleleng dan Gianyar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuisionerterstruktur selama MK 2011 dan MH 2011/2012 dengan melibatkan 94 responden. Data yang dikumpulkandianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stokhastik frontier dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produksi padi sawah dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, pupuk N, pestisida,umur bibit dan tenaga kerja. Produksi padi sawah pada musim kemarau lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada musimhujan. Secara teknis usahatani padi sawah di Provinsi Bali telah efisien, dengan rata-rata indeks efisiensi teknislebih besar dari 0,70. Adapun karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis usahatani padisawah antara lain umur petani, pendidikan formal, pengalaman usahatani dan jumlah persil. Efisiensi teknisusahatani padi sawah lebih tinggi pada lahan milik sendiri dibandingkan lahan bukan milik.Kata kunci: Sosial ekonomi, inefisiensi teknis, padi sawah, Bali