Pengaruh Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara P Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) - Maman Herman; Dibyo Pranowo (Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 2013)
mudah diserap oleh perakaran tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemupukan anorganik, namun demikian pengaruhnya terhadap benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara P benih kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi mulai Januari sampai Desember 2012. Perlakuan yang dicoba yaitu A) subsoil (kontrol), B) subsoil + NPK, C) subsoil + pukan (1:1), D) subsoil + zeolit (0,5 kg/10 kg), E) subsoil + pukan + zeolit, F) subsoil + MPF, G) subsoil + NPK + MPF, H) subsoil + pukan + NPK + MPF, I) subsoil + zeolit + NPK + MPF, dan J) subsoil + pukan + zeolit + NPK + MPF. MPF diisolasi dari tanah perakaran kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot biomassa benih kakao sampai umur 12 minggu setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan MPF + NPK menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, bobot biomassa, dan serapan P tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Isolat MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian NPK mampu meningkatkan serapan hara P oleh benih kakao sampai 3,07 kali.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao L., benih, mikroba pelarut fosfat, MPF, pertumbuhan, serapan hara PPhosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) has been known capable of dissolving unavailable phosphates in the soil to the form that easily absorbed by crops so that increases crop growth and inorganic fertilizer efficiency, however in cacao it has not been known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of phosphate solubilizing microbes to the growth and P nutrient uptake by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from January to December 2012. Treatments were arranged as follows: A) Subsoil (control), B) Subsoil + NPK, C) Subsoil + organic matter (1:1), D) Subsoil + zeolite (0.5 kg/10 kg), E) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolites, F) Subsoil + PSM, G) Subsoil + NPK + PSM, H) Subsoil + organic matter + NPK + PSM, I) Subsoil + zeolite + NPK + PSM, dan J) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolite + NPK + PSM. The results showed that PSM combined with NPK enhanced plant height and weight of the biomass of cacao seedling until 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). The treatment of PSM+NPK resulted in the highest plant height, biomass, and P nutrient uptake compared with others. PSM combined with NPK fertilizer are able to increase threefold P nutrient uptake by cacao seedling.