Hasil Persilangan dan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Genotipe Salak - Sri Hadiati; Agung Susiloadi; Tri Budiyanti (Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 2008)
The objective of this research were to form breeding populations of salacca resulted from crossing of some sallaca genotypes and to know their growth at tropical seedling phase. The research was conducted at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute in January-December 2003. The crossing process was done at Padang Sidempuan, Solok, Bogor, and Yogyakarta. Material breeding consisted of female parents, namely: Sidempuan, Pondoh, and Mawar salacca, and as male parents, namely: Mawar, Sanjung Pondoh, Java, Affinis, and Sidempuan salacca. Their seeds were germinated in Solok until ready to be transplanted in the field. To know the growth of seedlings, the experiment was arranged in Block Randomized Design, 19 treatments (19 genotypes) and three replications. The result showed that percentage of crossing successfulness and percentage of growth were varied, i.e. 21.8-59.1% and 3.6- 98.4% respectively.The genotypes which were from S. Sumatrana (Sidempuan salacca) in general had bigger plant size (i.e. plant height, peduncle length, and tip leaves blade width), but their leaf number were less than the other genotypes. The growth of some salacca genotypes in the nursery can be used to estimate their growth in the field. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk membentuk populasi pemuliaan salak hasil persilangan dari beberapa genotipe dan mengetahui respon pertumbuhan persilangan tersebut selama di pembibitan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Solok, pada bulan Januari-Desember 2003. Persilangan dilakukan di Padang Sidempuan, Solok, Bogor, dan Yogyakarta. Tetua betina yang digunakan adalah salak Sidempuan Putih dan Merah, Pondoh, Mawar, dan tetua jantan adalah salak Mawar, Sanjung Pondoh, Jawa, Affinis, dan Sidempuan. Biji-biji hasil persilangan tersebut dikecambahkan dan dipelihara di Solok sampai siap tanam di lapang. Untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit selama di pembibitan rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 19 perlakuan (genotipe) dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase silangan jadi dan persentase tumbuh genotipe yang diamati berkisar antara 21,8-59,1% dan 3,6-98,4%. Genotipe yang berasal dari S. sumatrana (salak Sidempuan) mempunyai ukuran tanaman yang lebih besar (tinggi tanaman, panjang tangkai, dan lebar pucuk anak daun), tetapi jumlah daunnya relatif sedikit dibandingkan dengan genotipe lainnya. Pertumbuhan beberapa genotipe salak selama di pembibitan ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi pertumbuhan tanaman salak di lapang.